The thin layers of neurons covering the mammalian brain, which are most well developed in carnivores, cetaceans, and primates, is termed the __________:
a. the cerebellum.
b. the thalamus.
c. the cerebral cortex.
d. the hippocampus.
e. the anterior commissure.
One explanation offered for the rapid expansion in the size, mass, and volume of the mammalian brain, especially in those of humans, is __________:
a. the cessation of apoptosis during embryonic brain development.
b. an increased number of mitotic divisions of founder cells in the proliferation phase.
c. the rapid division of mature neurons in the cerebellum shortly after birth.
d. the expansion of the volume of the ventricles in adult mammals.
Vesicles full of neurotransmitter are carried away from the soma and toward the axon terminal through the process of __________, while depleted vesicles and those containing re-absorbed neurotransmitter are carried toward the soma through the process of __________:
a. anterograde axoplasmic transport/retrograde axoplasmic transport.
b. retrograde axoplasmic transport/anterograde axoplasmic transport.
c. facilitative transport/passive transport.
d. endocellular cyclosis/exocellular cyclosis.
The small protuberances in the cortex of the mammalian brain are termed __________, while the small grooves in between them are termed __________:
a. gyri; sulci.
b. sulci; gyri.
c. projections; tracts.
d. hillocks; fissures.
The evolution of the __________ began with the mutation of a sea squirt larva, which was maintained in a juvenile form even as it became reproductively viable--a process termed __________:
a. solid ventral nerve cord: pleiotropy.
b. hollow dorsal nerve cord: neoteny.
c. cortex: polygeny.
d. hypothalamus: proliferation.