88) The UvrABC system is involved in which type of DNA repair? A) light repair B) dark repair C) both A and B D) neither A nor B 89) Which DNA repair system distinguishes between old (template) and newly synthesized DNA strands shortly after DNA replication? A) the UvrABC system B) the MutHLS system C) the VSP system D) all of the above 90) Which of the following DNA repair mechanism is the most specific regarding the type of DNA damage it acts on? A) the UvrABC system B) the MutHLS system C) the VSP system D) the PRR system 91) Which DNA repair system results in AP sites that are then removed and filled in by other enzymes? A) the UvrABC system B) the MutHLS system C) the VSP system D) the glycosylase system 92) DNA Pol I and DNA ligase often play important roles in which class of DNA repair? A) reversal of damage B) excision of damage C) toleration of damage D) all of the above 93) UmuC and UmuD replace the ??? subunit of DNA Pol III during: A) photoreactivation B) UvrABC directed nucleotide excision repair C) transdimer synthesis D) all of the above 94) Which enzyme complex contains nuclease and helicase activities? A) RecA B) RecBCD C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
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Using your knowledge of DNA repair pathways, choose the pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning for each. 1. A change in DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNA polymerase during replication. 2. A thymine dimer induced as a result of UV exposure. 3. A double-stranded break that occurs just after replication in an actively dividing cell. 4. A double-stranded break that occurs during G1 and prevents completion of DNA replication. 5. A cytosine that has been deaminated to uracil. For insertion elements and simple transposition, what is the function of the inverted repeat sequences during transposition? What is the selfish DNA theory? A) A theory that explains how DNA point mutations are repaired within the genome. B) A theory that explains how transposable elements are repaired within the genome. C) A theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of transposable elements in a genome by comparing it to the action of a parasite. D) A theory that attempts to explain how the proliferation of transposons improves the evolutionary advantage of the host organism. A transposon is inserted into the sequence 5' GACTC 3'. Following simple transposition into this site, what sequences flank the transposon? A) 5' GACTC 3'; 5' GACTC 3' B) 5' GACTC 3'; 5' CTCAG 3' C) 5' CTCAG 3'; 5' GACTC 3' D) 5' CTCAG 3'; 5' CTCAG 3'
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DNA Repair mechanisms: Match the appropriate DNA Repair Pathway in the square with the statements on below by placing the letter in the blank. A. Mismatch Repair B. Nucleotide Excision Repair C. Base Excision Repair D. Direct Repair E. Homologous Repair F. Non-homologous End Joining 12. ___ An enzyme in this pathway can fix a transversion mutation by removing a methyl group from guanine 13. ___ fixes mistakes not caught by exonuclease activity of DNA polymerases 14. ___ Photolyase correct pyrimidine dimers in the DNA repair pathway 15. ___ BRCA1 and BRCA2 are part of this double-strand break repair pathway 16. ___ DNA glycosylases remove damaged bases to leave an apurinic or apyrimidinic site (AP site) 17. ___ Because a large region of dsDNA is unwound in the repair system, single-stranded binding protein is needed to stabilize the ssDNA strands. 18. ___ Xeroderma pigmentosum patients have at least 1 defective repair protein in the repair pathway. 19. ___ AP endonuclease removes the deoxyribose sugar at the AP site 20. ___ DNA polymerase I (bacteria) or DNA polymerase beta (eukaryotes) is used to insert the single nucleotide that replaces the AP site 21. ___ methyl group marks the old DNA strand 22. ___ humans without this repair system have increased #s of somatic mutations and colon cancer 23. ___ patients with Bloom's syndrome have a defect in this repair pathway 24. ___ repairs double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks, but often resulting in errors such as translocations, deletions or insertions. 25. ___ the sister chromatid is used as a template for double-stranded DNA break repair
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DNA Cloning The plasmid cloning vector $\mathrm{pBR} 322$ (see Fig. $9-3$ ) is cleaved with the restriction endonuclease $P$ stl. An isolated DNA fragment from a cukaryotic genome (also produced by PstI cleavage) is added to the prepared vector and ligated. The mixture of ligated DNAs is then used to transform bacteria, and plasmid-containing bacteria are sclected by growth in the presence of tetracycline. (a) In addition to the desired recombinant plasmid, what other types of plasmids might be found among the transformed bacteria that are tetracycline-resistant? How can the types be distinguished? (b) The cloned DNA fragment is 1,000 bp long and has an EcoRI site 250 bp from one cnd. Three different recombinant plasmids are cleaved with EcoRI and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, giving the patterns shown below. What does each pattern say about the cloned DNA? Note that in $\mathrm{pBR} 322$, the Pst and EcoRI restriction sites are about $750 \mathrm{bp}$ apart. The entire plasmid with no cloned insert is 4,361 bp. Size markers in lane 4 have the number of nucleotides noted. FIGURE CANT COPY
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