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Use the following scenario to answer the 10 questions below. You have 3 networks (A, B, and C) and 2 routers (Y and Z). Network A has an address space of 10.1.1.0/24 and is connected to router Y using the interface 10.1.1.1. Network B has an address space of 192.168.1.0/24 and is connected to router Y using the interface 192.168.1.254. Network C has an address space of 172.16.1.0/24 and is connected to router Z using the interface 172.16.1.1. The diagram below represents these connections and interfaces. Router Y Network A Interface: 10.1.1.1 Network B interface: 192.168.1.254 Router Z Network B interface: 192.168.1.1 Network C interface: 172.16.1.1 1. Computer 1 on network B with IP address 192.168.1.233 wants to send a packet to Computer 2 with IP address 10.1.1.205. On which network is computer 2? Network C Network A Network B Not present
Akash M.
Sub-module A.2: Short reasoning-based Questions 24 marks 25 minutes Respond to any six of the following reasoning-based questions with short answers. 1. What is the significance of physical addresses in the presence of IP addresses? 2. Give one advantage as well as a disadvantage of using a circuit-switched network instead of a packet-switched network. 3. Why would it be logical to have no memory in a circuit-switching intermediate node? (We do have memory in the intermediate nodes of a packet-switching network, i.e., switches and routers) 4. What is the fundamental difference between flow control and congestion control? 5. How can we distinguish a protocol from a service? 6. Consider the following figure: 223.1.2.6 (1A-23-F9-CD-06-9B) 223.1.4.1 (2A-C3-F1-3D-16-A2) 223.1.4.2 (A3-94-B3-FF-F6-2C) 223.1.3.27 (B1-23-F9-CD-06-00) 223.1.2.1 223.1.2.2 (1A-BD-F9-CD-06-00) 223.1.3.1 223.1.3.2 (1A-23-F9-CD-06-0D) Let's say a packet is being sent from A to B. The packet would reach in 3 Data transfers via physical frames. For each frame, specify what would be the source and destination MAC addresses for the DLL and the source and destination for the IP packet in the networking layer. 7. Should the OSI model (fundamental layers) change as we transition from a conventional Internet to an IoT inclusive Internet enfolding several WSNs? Provide two to three dominant reasons.
Adi S.
Data are transmitted over the Internet in datagrams, which are structured blocks of bits. Each datagram contains header information organized into a maximum of 14 different fields (specifying many things, including the source and destination addresses) and a data area that contains the actual data that are transmitted. One of the 14 header fields is the header length field (denoted by HLEN), which is specified by the protocol to be 4 bits long and that specifies the header length in terms of 32-bit blocks of bits. For example, if HLEN = 0110, the header is made up of six 32-bit blocks. Another of the 14 header fields is the 16-bit-long total length field (denoted by TOTAL LENGTH), which specifies the length in bits of the entire datagram, including both the header fields and the data area. The length of the data area is the total length of the datagram minus the length of the header. a) The largest possible value of TOTAL LENGTH (which is 16 bits long) determines the maximum total length in octets (blocks of 8 bits) of an Internet datagram. What is this value? b) The largest possible value of HLEN (which is 4 bits long) determines the maximum total header length in 32-bit blocks. What is this value? What is the maximum total header length in octets? c) The minimum (and most common) header length is 20 octets. What is the maximum total length in octets of the data area of an Internet datagram? d) How many different strings of octets in the data area can be transmitted if the header length is 20 octets and the total length is as long as possible?
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