5. A toxin that blocks the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels a. Would make your muscles contract all the time b. Would inhibit the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane of neurons and therefore block the release of neurotransmitters c. Would prevent muscle contractions d. Both A and B e. Both B and C 6. You are testing several different compounds (A-D) to determine if they affect neuron signalling. You expose a neuron to each compound and then measure the membrane potential under conditions that should fire an action potential. The results are depicted below. Which compound/s do you think inhibit voltage-gated K+ channels? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. Both A and D
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These channels are responsible for repolarizing the neuron after an action potential. When these channels are open, K+ ions flow out of the neuron, making the inside of the neuron more negative and returning it to its resting state. If a compound inhibits these Show more…
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Voltage-gated ion channels are essential for producing an action potential and returning a neuron to its resting state. Why would it be impossible to trigger an action potential without voltage-gated ion channels? a. The cell would not undergo depolarization, which is necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. b. The cell would not undergo repolarization, which is necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. c. The cell would not undergo depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization, which are necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. d. The cell would not undergo depolarization and hyperpolarization, which are necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state.
When voltage-gated calcium ion channels open at the synaptic terminal: a. calcium ions exit the cell, which repolarizes the membrane and resets the resting membrane potential. b. calcium ions rush into the neuron, depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential. c. calcium ions rush into the presynaptic neuron, which causes synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. d. voltage-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic neuron open, which triggers an action potential if threshold is reached
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Propose the effects of each of the following drug types on BOTH neural and muscle function in terms of how neurotransmitter secretion and muscle contraction would be affected (i.e., reduced secretion/contraction or extended secretion/contraction). Be sure to walk me through the steps leading to the outcome; that is, be sure to talk about what would or would not happen with channels, voltage changes, and events causing neurotransmitter secretion/muscle contraction. a) A drug that blocked chemically-regulated Na+ channels b) A drug that activated chemically-regulated Na+ channels and stayed bound to the receptor c) A drug that blocked voltage-regulated Ca2+ channels
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