Transcription In transcription, RNA polymerase splits the two halves of a strand of DNA. RNA then uses one half as a template to make a copy of the other half. RNA contains the nucleotide uracil instead of the nucleotide thymine. Label the DNA and RNA. Then, label the missing nucleotides marked on the diagram. RNA polymerase 7 G T Key A = Adenine C = Cytosine G = Guanine T = Thymine U = Uracil Use the diagram to answer the question. Circle the correct answer. 1. In RNA, which nucleotide is always paired with uracil? adenine guanine
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Adenine, complementary, cytoplasm, cytosine, deoxyribose, double helix, guanine, messenger RNA, nucleus, phosphate, ribose, ribosomes, ribosomal RNA, thymine, transcription, transfer RNA, uracil. RNA is different from DNA in several ways. Whereas DNA contains the sugar (1) ________________________, RNA contains the sugar (2) ________________________. In addition, RNA is made using the nitrogen-containing base (3) ________________________, while DNA contains the base (4) ________________________. Both RNA and DNA, however, contain (5) ________________________ groups. Unlike DNA, RNA exists in three different types. One type, known as (6) ________________________, carries the genetic information from the (7) ________________________ to the (8) ________________________ where the proteins are synthesized. A second type of RNA, called (9) ________________________ transports the amino acids to the (10) ________________________. These structures are made of proteins. The third type of RNA is called (11) ________________________. All three types of RNA are made from DNA in a process called (12) ________________________. Just as the DNA does in replication, the two strands of the (13) ________________________ separate. Then DNA makes a strand of RNA that is (14) ________________________ to the base sequence of the DNA. Therefore, the nitrogen-containing base (15) ________________________ will pair with a cytosine base in DNA, while (16) ________________________ will pair with a thymine base in DNA. What is the only word that you did not use from the list above to complete this passage? (17) ________________________
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Label: DNA, RNA, and the missing nucleotides marked on the diagram.
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17. The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA is called RNA polymerase. 18. The decoding of an mRNA message into protein is known as translation. 19. The three bases on the mRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons are called an anticodon. 20. Proteins are made up of amino acids. 21. A change in a single base pair in DNA is called a mutation. 22. The kind of nondisjunction caused by having an extra chromosome is called trisomy. 23. The kind of nondisjunction caused by a missing chromosome is called monosomy. Most living things with this condition do not survive. Amine group Amino acids Anticodon Base pairing Chromatin Codon Cytosine Deletion Deoxyribose DNA replication Double helix Insertion Lysine mRNA Mutation Nucleotide Nucleotides Phosphate Phospholipid Proteins Replication Ribose RNA polymerase Threonine Thymine Transcription Translation TTC TTT UAA UAG UGA Uracil UUC UUU Define transcription: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA. List the four nitrogenous bases in RNA: Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine. List the four nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine. Place the steps of DNA replication in the correct order of what happens first (1-5). Steps: 1. Helicase begins to break the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases. 2. DNA polymerase attaches the free-floating nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases. 3. Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed nitrogen bases. 4. Two new molecules of DNA are created. 5. The cell starts into the mitosis phase of the cell cycle.
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