1. trigger(s) secretion of aldosterone. a. Angiotensin...

1. ________ trigger(s) secretion of aldosterone. a. Angiotensin II b. Increased potassium c. ANP d. Increase sodium e. Both a and b 2. Which of the following is not an action of glucagon? a. Release of glucose to the blood by liver cells b. Transport of glucose into cells c. Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid d. Break down of glycogen 3. This structure produces a hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production. a. Kidney b. Stomach c. Heart d. Skin 4. Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that they do not have___. a. Blood supply b. Chemical messengers c. Ducts d. Cells 5. Target organs respond to water-soluble hormones because of the presence of ___ on the cell membrane surface. a. ATP b. Calcium c. cAMP d. Specific receptors 6. Hormones that directly activate genes are classified as a. Water insoluble b. Water soluble c. Amnio Acid based d. G proteins

Transcript

00:01 In order to answer this question, let's talk about physiology of cases.

00:05 Blank trigger or triggers the creation of aldosterone.

00:08 A good member to the aldosterone is a part of the greening andiotensin -aldosterone system, where greenling is going to stimulate the production of adjutinine 1, then angioticine 1 is going to convert into angiotensin 2, and then it is going to stimulate the production of aldosterone, and aldosterone is going to, or the function of aldosterone is to increase the absorption of water and also salt.

00:37 So here you have angiotensin 2.

00:39 This is true.

00:40 Then it's increased potassium.

00:43 Option b is also true.

00:44 Okay, so you have that anitensin and also option b are the answer for this question.

00:51 And here is option is the answer.

00:53 And why? well, because if this is the lumet of lagoonal tubus and this is your cell, and here you have the blood, you're going to have here, here you're going to have what you know as inak okay these are sodium transporter or sodium channels and here you're going to have the sodium potassium atp that we absorbs in order that excretes sodium and in exchange with potassium so aldosterone is going to stimulate this channel here and also this pump here so if you increase aldosterone levels you're going to you're going to stimulate this transported in order to absorb more sodium and then the sodium here is going to move to the blood by means of sodium potassium atp spam okay and what happens if you have high levels of potassium here if you have high levels of potassium this is going to be also stimulus in order to increase the release of aldosterone because if you increase the release of aldosterone you're going to stimulate also this pump and this pump is going to move or potassium from here to here and then it is going to be excreted here to the urine and you're going to excrete the excess of potassium.

02:07 So this is also true and hence the answer is option e.

02:10 Now you have question number two that says which of the following is not an action of glucagon? glucagon is a hormone that is secreted when you have low levels of glucose in your blood.

02:22 So let's look here it says release of glucose to the blood by liver cells and this is true, okay? because as i told you, glucose is a hormone that is going to release glucose to the blood.

02:34 For example, in this case, from the liver cells.

02:37 The liver stores glucose as glycogen.

02:40 And when during fasting, for example, glucose is going to be released and it is going to break glycogen down to glucose in the liver, and then the liver is going to release those glucose molecules to the blood.

02:53 So option a is.

02:54 Next is option b, transfer of glucose into cells, and this is false, because this is the function of insulin.

03:00 Option is synthesis of glucose from lactic acid, and this is also false.

03:06 Oh, sorry, this is true, because there is a process called gluconeogenesis.

03:12 Gluconogenesis is the process by which you are going to, your liver and also your kidneys produce glucose from non -carbohydrate sources, for example, from amino acids, from glycerol, and also from lactic acid...

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