00:01
Okay, in order to answer this question, we talk about three molecular abnormalities in a liver cell in patients that has diabetes melytus.
00:09
Okay, so this is going to be the liver.
00:13
Okay.
00:14
During diabetes, remember that there is either because of severe insulin deficit agency, insulin deficit, this is taiwan diabetes, and insulin resistant resistance in type 2 diabetes, okay? that the problem of both is going to be high glucose levels in the blood.
00:40
So because of these problems, okay, that can be any of them, if here we have another cell that is not a liver, okay? for example, suppose it is skeletal muscle.
00:55
And suppose we're talking about insulin resistance, okay? so normally skeletal muscle does not have, or does not express glucose transporters, on the cell surface.
01:07
In order to express this glucose transported here and allow glucose to get inside, insulin has to bind here.
01:17
This is the insulin receptor.
01:18
This is going to be insulin.
01:20
When it binds, it is going to start a transduction pathway that is going to lead to the activation of this protein here, or enzyme here.
01:28
And it is going to phosphorylate vesicles that have the glute transporters.
01:33
Okay? and this is going to cause exocytes of these vesicles and the receptors are going to express here and glucose is going to enter to the skeletal mass okay but in case of diabetes insulin is not going to be produced or this that tissue are resistant to insulin okay so then there is not going to be expression of glucose here so many tissues are not going to receive glucose so they are going to think or well delivery is going to think that there is low levels or there are low levels of glucose in the blood, but we know that that's not true.
02:09
The problem is that glucose levels are high, but glucose cannot be uptaken by the cells.
02:17
So in response, the liver, as it is going to think that there are not enough glucose molecules in the blood, it is going to start the process of glycogenolysis.
02:29
This is the first.
02:30
Okay, colloquium analyzes involves the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, molecules and these glucose are going to go to the blood.
02:40
And as you have already high glucose levels here, then the glucose levels are going to high, are going to increase even more.
02:47
Okay.
02:48
Now, the second process is that the liver is going to start the process of gluconeogenesis.
02:55
Okay...