Use the data in Table 1 to create a data matrix to summarize the character states found in each
taxon. Remember, by definition, the ancestral taxa (outgroup) is coded " 0 " for each character.
Taxon A will be used as the outgroup
Express each of the character states for each ingroup regarding its ancestry relative to the
outgroup. Any character state of an ingroup taxon, which is the same as the outgroup, is thus
coded " 0 ", and if it is different from the outgroup, it is a derived character and is coded " 1 " or
"2". Hint this includes the presence or absence of a character. Record your results in Table 2
Table 1. Character states for seven species A -G.
6. Use the data in Table 1 to create a data matrix to summarize the character states found in each
taxon. Remember, by definition, the ancestral taxa (outgroup) is coded "o" for each character.
Taxon A will be used as the outgroup Express each of the character states for each ingroup regarding its ancestry relative to the outgroup. Any character state of an ingroup taxon, which is the same as the outgroup, is thus coded "o", and if it is different from the outgroup, it is a derived character and is coded "1" or "2". Hint this includes the presence or absence of a character. Record your results in Table 2
Table 1.Character states for seven species A-G.
Taxa
Lobed fins (1)
Ability Vertebrae Jaws to (3) (4) breathe (2)
Paired Lungs Paired Tripartite appendages or sense brain (5) swim organs (8) bladder (7) (6) absent absent absent absent absent present present present present present absent absent absent present present present present present present present absent absent absent present present present present absent present present present present present present present
A B c D E F G
absent absent absent present absent present absent absent absent absent absent present absent absent present absent absent present present present present
