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Use this scenario for Lung Cancer Study Questions. Lung Cancer Study: A study was conducted by the NIH (National Institute for Health) with a large population with no prior history of lung cancer. The study examined smoking and the occurrence of lung cancer. In the 5-year duration of the study period, 2,200 smokers developed lung cancer. In the same period, 260 non-smokers developed lung cancer. There were 240,800 current smokers and 479,000 non-smokers in the total study population. a. What is the exposure being studied? b. What is the outcome being studied? a. What is the exposure and what is the outcome in this study? b. Write the research question for this study. HINT: Research questions must be neutral. a. Could this exact research question be answered by setting up an experimental study, such as randomized clinical trial? b. Explain why or why not. a. What type of study design is this? b. How can you tell?

          Use this scenario for Lung Cancer Study Questions. 
Lung Cancer Study: A study was conducted by the NIH (National Institute for Health) with a large population with no prior history of lung cancer. The study examined smoking and the occurrence of lung cancer. In the 5-year duration of the study period, 2,200 smokers developed lung cancer. In the same period, 260 non-smokers developed lung cancer. There were 240,800 current smokers and 479,000 non-smokers in the total study population.
a. What is the exposure being studied? b. What is the outcome being studied? 
a. What is the exposure and what is the outcome in this study? b. Write the research question for this study. HINT: Research questions must be neutral.
a. Could this exact research question be answered by setting up an experimental study, such as  randomized clinical trial? b. Explain why or why not. 
a. What type of study design is this? b. How can you tell?

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Added by Hunter S.

Elementary Statistics a Step by Step Approach

Allan G. Bluman 9th Edition

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Solved by Expert Madhur L

03/14/2023

Step 1

Step 1: The exposure being studied in this lung cancer study is smoking status, specifically whether an individual is a smoker or a non-smoker. Show more…

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Use this scenario for Lung Cancer Study Questions. Lung Cancer Study: A study was conducted by the NIH (National Institute for Health) with a large population with no prior history of lung cancer. The study examined smoking and the occurrence of lung cancer. In the 5-year duration of the study period, 2,200 smokers developed lung cancer. In the same period, 260 non-smokers developed lung cancer. There were 240,800 current smokers and 479,000 non-smokers in the total study population. a. What is the exposure being studied? b. What is the outcome being studied? a. What is the exposure and what is the outcome in this study? b. Write the research question for this study. HINT: Research questions must be neutral. a. Could this exact research question be answered by setting up an experimental study, such as randomized clinical trial? b. Explain why or why not. a. What type of study design is this? b. How can you tell?

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00:01 Hello students here we have given three examples and for that for each one of them we have to write which is the best statistical method and their null and alternative hypothesis.

00:15 Now in the first situation we have to check whether invasive cancer rates whether invasive cancer rates differ between differ between x and y states so here i have considered those states as x and y so we have to check whether there is any significant difference between the proportion or the rates of this cancer in this states so for this we will be using 3 z test 3 z test for comparing the so these are for comparing comparing the proportions of stages that is the stage of cancers so stage two then stage three stage four stage four for the different states so here we have to use the three test for these three stages and the cancer rates and percentage for each of these phases in both the states so for that we will write the null hypothesis h -not as p1 is equal to p2 that is the percentage in the state one is equal to percentage in the state two or proportion versus the alternative hypothesis as these proportions are not equal so then in the second situation we have to check whether the menthol smokers smoke more than the non -mental smokers that means we have to see if the average number of cigarettes smoked by menthol so average number of cigarettes by menthol smoked by menthol is equal to the non -menthal smokers is equal to the average number of cigarettes by non -menthal so that means here we have the comparison between the mean that is average so here we may use the two sample tea test so we can use two sample tea test and histograms are box plots showing the number of cigarettes smoked by each group might be used as graphical representation.

03:50 So, histograms or box plots showing the number of cigarettes smoked by each group, smoked by each group is used as graphical representation...

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