Use your understanding of mammalian reproductive physiology to explain how hormonal contraceptives and immuno-contraceptives inhibit reproduction.
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Mammalian reproduction is coordinated by hormones from the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and gonads. Describe and discuss the mechanisms of "Hormonal Control of the Male Reproductive System" and "Hormonal Control of Female Reproductive Cycles" respectively.
Sri K.
Question 51 Sometimes oxytocin is given to induce parturition, but some women do not respond to oxytocin. A possible reason for the lack of response is that Group of answer choices the woman cannot secrete oxytocin herself the myometrium is deficient in oxytocin receptors the fetal ejection reflex has not started there are insufficient concentrations of prostaglandin F2α none of the above Question 52 The primary mechanism of action of oral contraceptives (i.e. "The Pill") is to: Group of answer choices reduce libido and therefore the subject will not copulate suppress release of GnRH increase release of dihydrotestosterone in the ovary maintain the corpus luteum destroy the oocyte Question 53 Sperm transport in the female tract is enhanced by: Group of answer choices High progesterone from the corpus luteum Low viscosity sialomucin in the basal region of the cervix Artificial insemination into the cervix, instead of the uterine horn Testosterone present in semen All of the above statements are true Question 54 Regarding the properties of the ejaculate: Group of answer choices a. It is highly viscous in pigs and horses (rice pudding) b. The acidic nature of the human ejaculate (~pH 4.0) promotes sperm transport c. It forms a coagulating protein vaginal plug in rodents d. Only two of the above statements are true a, b and c are TRUE Question 55 Progesterone Group of answer choices a. inhibits GnRH amplitude and frequency b. decreases secretion by uterine glands c. inhibits uterine myometrial motility d. only two of the above are correct e. a, b and c are correct Question 56 The main cost of mastitis to the dairy industry is reduced milk production in cows with no symptoms of the disease. Group of answer choices True False Question 57 In most mammalian species, libido or sexual motivation in males is controlled by which class of hormones? Group of answer choices estrogens androgens progestins prolactins Question 58 You suspect that your horse pasture is infected with an endophyte fungus that causes reproductive problems in mares. Which of the following are true? Group of answer choices These pastures are green, insect resistant, and heat tolerant Mares grazing on these pastures have prolonged gestation and deliver large foals Foals are born hypoxic and placentas delivered are thickened All of the above None of the above Question 59 Placental insufficiency in horses is associated with which of the following? Group of answer choices a. twin pregnancies b. elevated circulating relaxin c. respiratory hypoxia in newborn foals d. only two of the above answers are TRUE e. answers a, b and c are True Question 60 The reaction by the female towards the male, which initiates or maintains interactions, is defined as __________. Group of answer choices A) Attractivity B) Receptivity C) Activation D) Proceptivity Courtship
Madhur L.
one of the goals of modern pharmacology is to create a male contraceptive. Reviewing the steps of fertilization, what steps do you think it might be possible to block pharmacologically in order to produce such a contraceptive for males? Provide specific examples of target proteins on the sperm cell that would make good candidates for contraceptive development and explain why targeting this protein would cause the sperm to not be able to fertilize an egg.
Suman K.
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