VanMeter: Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 5th Edition Chapter 16: Endocrine System Disorders Case Studies Case Study 1 Mrs. A has been taking high doses of glucocorticoids for much of the past 2 years to control severe rheumatoid arthritis. She has now developed hypertension and type 2 diabetes and would like to stop taking the cortisone because of the unwanted changes in her appearance. Discussion Questions 1. How does Cushing's syndrome affect the individual? 2. Discuss how hypertension and diabetes have developed and the potential complications of these conditions. 3. Discuss other potential problems that Mrs. A may experience resulting from long- term use of glucocorticoids. Case Study 2 PM is a 15-year-old young woman who had her menstrual period at age 11. Recently, she has been experiencing double vision, headaches, and amenorrhea. A skull MRI indicates a pituitary adenoma. Blood tests indicate low estrogen, progesterone, and TSH levels. Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the relationship of the pituitary gland to the optic nerve and its role in controlling sex hormones and thyroxine. 2. Explain why this benign tumor must be surgically removed. 3. Explain the effects that you would expect to see in PM caused by the reduced TSH level. How will these be treated after surgery? 4. Explain the manifestations that PM has experienced in terms of the pathophysiology.
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Discuss the relationship of the pituitary gland to the optic nerve and its role in controlling sex hormones and thyroxine. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, just below the optic chiasm, where the optic nerves cross. It is responsible for Show more…
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If the level of anterior pituitary TSH release is greater than the synthesis of thyroid T3 and T4, one may say that this individual would: A. have a reduced BMR B. have problems dissociating oxyhemoglobin C. most likely be hypothyroid D. all of the above E. only A and B The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tracts: A. are partly contained within the infundibulum B. conduct aldosterone to the hypophysis C. are the site of prolactin synthesis D. connect the hypophysis to the posterior pituitary gland. What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? A. the chemical properties of the hormone B. the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone C. the chemical properties and the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone D. the location of the target cells in the body E. the site where the hormone is secreted The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is: A. glucagon B. epinephrine C. insulin D. glucocorticoid E. somatostatin Joan has been playing basketball for several hours now and has been sweating profusely to compensate for an increase in her body temperature. During this event, Joan's blood pressure: A. increases B. decreases
Sri K.
19) The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A) somatotropin. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) parathyroid hormone. E) glucagon. 20) The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the A) ampulla. B) distal segment. C) infundibulum. D) proximal segment. E) isthmus. 21) Which of the following is not an action of TSH? A) stimulates T3 and T4 secretion B) stimulates iodide trapping by thyroid follicle cells C) inhibits T3 and T4 secretion D) stimulates pinocytosis of colloid by thyroid follicle cells E) increases cyclic AMP concentration within thyroid follicle cells 22) A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle. A) the proliferative phase B) menses C) the secretory phase D) menarche E) menopause 23) Fatty folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestibule are the A) fornices. B) ampullae. C) labia majora. D) mons pubis. E) vestibular arches. 24) Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes A) goiter. B) diabetes mellitus. C) diabetes insipidus. D) Addison's disease. E) Cushing's disease.
Madhur L.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates cAMP and Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation similarly in thyroid cells, where it promotes specific gene expression and growth of the gland. A simple explanation, for which there is additional evidence, is that the TSH receptor, a GPCR, couples to multiple G proteins. Based on this limited information, which G proteins would you think the TSH receptor couples to? A. Gi and Gs B. Gs and Gq C. Gt and Golf D. Go and Gs E. Gi and Gq F. None of the above Structural evidence from other GPCR-G protein systems has defined some of the GPCR-G protein interfaces involved in determining the specificity of GPCR-Galpha protein interactions. As discussed in the Capper and Wacker N&V article, what portions of the TSH GPCR might you think could be involved in interactions with different G alpha subunits with the G proteins you chose for question 1? A. N terminus of TSH GPCR B. Extracellular loops 1 and 2 of TSH GPCR C. Membrane-embedded midsection of TM6 in GPCR D. Cytoplasmic regions of TM6 and TM7 E. None of the above
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