Evaluate true or false whether each molecule or process uses base complementarity. [ Select ] Interactions between the tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon during translation [ Select ] Peptide bonds in a protein sequence [ Select ] G:C and A:T pairings within DNA [ Select ] Mutation repair [ Select ] Interactions between the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the ribosomal proteins) [ Select ] Transcription
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To maintain a uniform diameter of the DNA double helix, only purines base-pair with each other via two hydrogen bonds while only pyrimidines base pair with each other via three hydrogen bonds: True False Different patterns of activator and repressor binding to the enhancer and silencer sequences, respectively, in regulatory regions of individual genes create different combinations of on-off states of expression, leading to the development of different cell types in multicellular organisms. True False Release Factors (RFs) that operate in Translational Termination are specialized tRNA molecules with anticodons that specifically base-pair with STOP codons. True False Transcriptional Termination generally will include the transcription of an inverted repeat in mRNA that forms a "hairpin" which destabilizes RNA Polymerase's interaction with DNA. True False tRNA is considered the adaptors that perform the actual translation from the nucleotide "language" into the amino acid "language". True False
Madhur L.
Base pairing by hydrogen bond formation between complementary bases is a fundamental feature of many processes described in Chapter 4 of the text. Discuss the role of base pairing in the context of each of the following: (a) the fidelity of messenger RNA synthesis (b) synthesis of cDNA by reverse transcriptase (c) the use of primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (d) identifying a desired clone using a radioactive DNA probe (e) measuring the relatedness of two DNA species without sequencing them
Adi S.
Which of the following is not true of tRNA molecules? A) The 3'-terminal sequence is -CCA. B) Their anticodons are complementary to the triplet codon in the mRNA. C) They contain more than four different bases. D) They contain several short regions of double helix. E) With the right enzyme, any given tRNA molecule will accept any of the 20 amino acids. 2. Match the factor or enzyme at the right with the stage(s) of protein synthesis at which it acts. If a factor or enzyme participates in two stages of protein synthesis, indicate both of them. ___ Amino acid activation (a) RF1 ___ Initiation (b) EF-Tu ___ Elongation (c) Aminoacyl-tRNA ___ Termination (d) Shine-Dalgarno sequence 3. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). ___ Bacterial mRNA is broken down within a few minutes of its formation in E. coli. ___ Bacterial mRNA consists only of the bases that code for amino acids. ___ Polysomes do not necessarily contain mRNA. ___ Bacterial mRNA normally occurs as a double-stranded structure, with one strand containing codons, the other containing anticodons. ___ Bacterial mRNA can be translated while it is still being synthesized. 4. Briefly explain (a) why there is a lag in cell growth when bacteria are switched from a medium containing glucose to one containing lactose. (b) When the growth medium contains both lactose and glucose, what proteins will be bound to the lac operon regulatory region? (c) If only lactose is in the growth medium, what proteins will be bound to the lac operon regulatory region?
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