Noncovalent interactions are essential to all of the following EXCEPT: A. Catalytic activity of enzymes B. Primary protein structure C. Complementary base pairing of nucleic acids D. Phospholipid bilayer formation
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Noncovalent interactions that stabilize protein structure include A) salt bridges, B) disulfide bridges, C) electrostatic interactions with metal ions, D) the hydrophobic effect, and E) hydrogen bonding. F) All are. Characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids include A) found in plants but rarely in animals B) usually contain a double bond with trans stereochemistry C) always contain multiple double bonds D) can be converted to fats with lower melting temperature by hydrogenation E) None of these. Protein diseases can be caused by which of the following A) Activity of molecular chaperones. B) Formation of ion pairs during folding C) Mutations affecting the tertiary structure. D) All of the above are potential causes. E) None of the above are potential causes. Protein dynamics is a field of study that examines the movements with in a protein. Which experimental method would be most useful to study this type of change? A) Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry B) X-ray absorption spectroscopy C) X-ray crystallography D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance E) None of the above. Which of the following is accomplished by molecular chaperones? A) They bind to misfolded proteins in order to protect against heat denaturation B) They facilitate aggregation of multiple subunits of a protein during synthesis C) They ensure that hydrophobic segments do not aggregate improperly D) They expose hydrophobic segments during protein synthesis, facilitating native folding E) None of the above are accomplished by molecular chaperones. 36. ____ comprises bacterial cell walls. A) proteoglycans B) chondroitin sulfate chains C) peptidoglycans D) heparin E) pectin. 1. Which of the following statements is true? A) Fatty acids with more than 18 carbons are the most common. B) Synthesis of fatty acids occurs in 2 carbon units. C) Fatty acids with conjugated double bonds very common in plants. D) In higher plants and animals, C12 and C14 species predominate. 37. The —OH group of ____ commonly attaches O-linked oligosaccharides. A) aspartic acid B) glycine C) lysine D) threonine E) tyrosine. 38. Even though peptide groups assume the trans conformation most of the time, 10% of the time, peptide bonds involving ____ assume the cis conformation because of altered steric hindrance. A) Proline B) Glycine C) Alanine D) Tryptophan E) None of the above. 39. We use triglycerides for long-term storage of energy, rather than sugars, because triglycerides: A) Are more water soluble. B) More oxidized. C) Contain stronger covalent bonds. D) Serve also as materials for membranes. E) None of these. 40. Topology diagrams of proteins illustrate: A) The path taken by a protein through a cell B) The relative height of the protein surface C) The symmetry of subunits D) The connectivity of secondary structure elements
Madhur L.
Hydrophobic interactions make an important contribution to all of the following except A. The stability of animal membranes by cholesterol B. Tertiary structure of proteins C. The attraction between two methane (CH3) molecules D. The formation of a phospholipid bilayer E. The strength of cellulose chains
Which of the following statements best pairs the type of bonding with the contribution to the function of the macromolecule described? A. The strong sugar-phosphate bonds that make up the backbone of DNA allow for limited breaks in the structure, whereas the relatively weak hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs allow for the easy unzipping of the molecule for replication and transcription. B. The peptide bonds between amino acids contribute to the overall tertiary structure of the molecule, which is essential to its functioning as a protein. C. The covalent bonds in carbohydrates contribute to the folding patterns of carbohydrate groups, which leads to complex tertiary structures utilized in functioning. D. The condensation reaction that occurs between lipid monomers allows them to form only single bonds in their structure, contributing to a lipid's ability to pack tightly.
Dr. Satish I.
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