Question 3 (1 point) What colour is the endosperm of the kernels ? What gene and allele results in white endosperm colour ? Question 3 options: a) Colourless is the endosperm colour of the kernels. c1/c1 alleles on the C1 gene results in colourless endosperm b) Red is the endosperm colour of the kernels. r1/r1 alleles on the R1 gene results in red endosperm c) Bronze is the endosperm colour of the kernels. br1/br1 alleles on the BR1 gene results in bronze endosperm d) White is the endosperm colour of the kernels. y1/y1 alleles on the Y1 gene results in white endosperm
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The endosperm of maize can either be yellow or white. This endosperm color is governed by a gene with two alleles, Y has yellow endosperm and y has white endosperm. However, this endosperm color is masked when the aleurone is colored purple. A true-breeding maize line with the color inhibitor and yellow endosperm (C'C'YY) (so they were yellow) was crossed to a true-breeding line with purple aleurone (and white endosperm) (CCyy). The F1 were crossed and you have been given the results of this cross. What is your proposed phenotypic and genotypic ratio for the offspring (kernels) of this cross? Perform a Chi-square to prove or disprove this ratio.
Josee P.
Dihybrid crosses and Statistics in the Model Organism Maize (Zea mays) Introduction Kernel color Many genes determine the phenotypes of the tissues that control the color of a corn kernel. These tissues are the pericarp, the aleurone (outer layer of the endosperm), and the endosperm proper. In this corn, the pericarp is always colorless, but the aleurone may be colorless, purple, or red, and the endosperm yellow or white. If the aleurone is colorless, the kernel color will be that of the endosperm, either yellow or white. Normal corn endosperm color (yellow) occurs when the allele causes the production of carotenoid pigments in the endosperm. In the recessive condition (y/y), carotenoids are not produced and the endosperm is white. The alleles are masked by the presence of a colored aleurone. Pericarp = Aleurone - Endosperm The tissues of a corn kernel involved in producing color phenotypes are the pericarp, aleurone, and endosperm. For colored alleles C and R to be present, the homozygous recessive condition of either allele (c/c or r/r) disrupts anthocyanin production and results in colorless aleurone. The dominant CI allele also inhibits anthocyanin production, resulting in colorless aleurone. Genes C and R are located on separate chromosomes and segregate independently. With alleles C and R, purple aleurone is produced. The allele Pr interacts with C and R to produce red aleurone. The homozygous recessive condition (pr/pr) results in colorless aleurone. Endosperm characteristics: high in amylose starch The gene Su in the homozygous recessive condition (su/su) produces low water content in the endosperm, causing its kernels to wrinkle. The gene Wx in the homozygous recessive condition (wx/wx) causes the production of opaque starch in the endosperm. The endosperm of a wx/wx kernel has a hard, waxy texture.
Madhur L.
In maize, overall kernel color is controlled by both the endosperm and the aleurone colors. The endosperm color is yellow when the allele Y is present. In the homozygous recessive (yy) condition the endosperm is white. The Y alleles are masked by the presence of a colored aleurone. The R and P genes control the aleurone color. The allele P interacts with the R allele to produce a purple color, whereas in the recessive condition (pp), the gene interacts with the R allele to produce a red color. If the R allele is present in the homozygous recessive state (rr) then the aleurone will be colorless, allowing the endosperm color to be expressed. Two fully heterozygous individuals are crossed. Give the phenotypes, and frequency of occurrence, of the F2 offspring.
Bryan V.
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