Symapthetic cardiac nerves(Efferents) originate from: T1- T5 segments of the spinal cord Cranial nerve IX Cranial nerve X Hypothalamus
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Preganglionic neurons for the sympathetic nervous system can originate from a. thoracolumbar region (T1 - L2) b. lumbar region only (L1-L5) c. cervical region only (C1-C7) d. craniosacral region (brainstem and S2-S4)
Madhur L.
Anand J.
1) In the sympathetic division of the ANS, a) preganglionic fibers emerge from the cervical portion of the spinal cord. b) preganglionic fibers are generally longer than postganglionic fibers. c) the preganglionic cell body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. e) an important characteristic is convergence of neurons. 2. The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by a) long postganglionic axons. b) the absence of postganglionic axons. c) short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate. d) short preganglionic axons near the spinal cord. e) the absence of preganglionic fibers. 3. Due to dual innervation of the heart, a) the autonomic nervous system and somatic motor system control heart function. b) heart rate can increase due to sympathetic regulation and voluntarily through cerebral activity. c) heart rate can decrease due to parasympathetic regulation and voluntarily through cerebral activity. d) heart rate can increase under sympathetic regulation or decrease under parasympathetic regulation, meeting the demands of the body.
Adi S.
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