The immune system is broken up into two parts – the innate system and the adaptive immune system. Describe each of these systems.
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Mention two (2) immune systems that play important roles in BOTH innate and adaptive immune responses. Explain them in detail. 20 marks. The two immune systems that play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses are the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens. It is a non-specific immune response that is present from birth. The innate immune system includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, which prevent pathogens from entering the body. It also includes cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, which engulf and destroy pathogens. In addition, the innate immune system produces chemical signals, such as cytokines, which help to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection. The adaptive immune system is a specific immune response that develops over time. It is activated when the innate immune system is unable to eliminate a pathogen. The adaptive immune system includes specialized cells, such as T cells and B cells, which recognize and target specific pathogens. These cells undergo a process called clonal selection, where they multiply and differentiate into effector cells that can directly attack the pathogen or produce antibodies to neutralize it. The adaptive immune system also has memory cells, which allow for a faster and more effective response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems work together to provide a comprehensive defense against pathogens. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, while the adaptive immune system provides a targeted and long-lasting response. This collaboration between the two systems is crucial for maintaining overall immune function and protecting the body from infections.
Madhur L.
Describe the relationship between the innate immunity system and the acquired-immunity system.
Explain the difference between the innate and adaptive defenses of the immune system.
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