Unlike the C regions of immunoglobulin heavy-chain loci, the C regions of the T-cell receptor beta-chain loci Question 9Answer a. do not contain D segments. b. are more numerous. c. do not encode a transmembrane region. d. possess non-templated P and N nucleotides. e. are encoded on a different chromosome from the variable beta-chain gene segments of the T-cell receptor. f. are functionally similar.
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Why do some recombined delta TCR chains have a large D segment? a. The D segment in the delta chain is responsible for recognition of a wide range of antigens found at mucosal sites. b. The V regions of delta (and beta) chains have RSS with 12 or 23bp spacers. Those regions can recombine with multiple D regions as a mechanism to increase diversity. c. The D regions of delta (and beta) chains are flanked by one RSS with a 12bp spacer and one RSS with a 23bp spacer. RAG1/2 can bring D regions together. d. The D segment contains part of an alpha chain. e. D regions of the delta locus can recombine with D regions from other TCR loci.
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Indicate which of the following statements is false. (Select all that apply.) a. Immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain loci are encoded on the same chromosome. b. Light chains contain V and J segments, whereas heavy chains contain V, D, and J segments. c. The VÎş gene segments are duplicated in about 50% of the human population. d. All immunoglobulin loci include a leader sequence. e. On the heavy-chain locus, V rearranges to D first, and then J joins the combined VD sequence.
Josee P.
QUESTION 5 Which of the following is TRUE about allelic exclusion? A. A single B cell synthesizes and expresses an Immunoglobulin molecule of only a single antigenic specificity. B. Immunoglobulins are synthesized from genes located on both parental chromosomes within the same B cell, at the same time. C. A single B cell synthesizes and expresses an Immunoglobulin molecule of multiple antigenic specificities. D. When the attempt to rearrange the V, D, and J genes on the first parental chromosome is productive, then the second parental chromosome begins H-chain locus rearrangement. QUESTION 6 Which of the following proteins is not encoded in the MHC? A. MHC class II β chain B. β2m C. Lymphotoxin D. TNF QUESTION 7 Somatic Hypermutation occurs when A. P nucleotides are added during VDJ joining. B. N nucleotides are added to the CDR1 region. C. Random point mutations occur in the recombined V(D)J unit of antibody H- or L-chain V region genes, changing individual amino acids. D. Somatic gene conversion involves the non-reciprocal exchange of sequences among genes, where part of a donor gene is "copied" into an acceptor gene, altering ONLY the acceptor gene. QUESTION 8 V(D)J recombinase enzyme complex is made up of specific enzymes and . QUESTION 9 Which of the following statements about the V(D)J recombinase enzyme complex is true? A. It recognizes recombination recognition sequences that are located at the ends of the V and D gene segments in the Light chain. B. Recombination-activating (RAG)-1 and RAG-2 are expressed exclusively in all cells in the body and not just developing lymphocytes. C. It recognizes recombination recognition sequences that are located at the ends of the V and J gene segments in the Light chain. D. All are correct. E. None of the above. QUESTION 10 Peptide binding diversity is increased by A. Multiple MHC alleles in the population. B. Multiple homologous MHC genes in the genome. C. Both A and B. D. None of the above. QUESTION 11 Which is true of the organization and rearrangement of Heavy-Chain Genes? A. The D and J segments code for amino acid sequences in the second hypervariable region or complementarity determining region (CDR2) of the H chain. B. The human H chain locus is found on chromosome 22. C. Three different gene segments VH, DH, and JH code for the variable region of the H chain. D. The D and J segments code for amino acid sequences in the first hypervariable region or complementarity determining region (CDR1) of the H chain. E. In the germline, only a single gene codes for the CH region of the immunoglobulin.
Rachel G.
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