What is the central explanatory factor of differential association theory? Select one: deviant socialization Inadequate parental socialization Absence of bonds to conventional society disorganized neighborhoods
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Compare and contrast the social disorganization theory, the social learning theory, and the social control/bond theory. 200-300 words. The social disorganization theory, social learning theory, and social control/bond theory are three prominent theories in the field of sociology that aim to explain the causes of deviant behavior and crime in society. The social disorganization theory, first developed by sociologists Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay in the 1940s, suggests that crime and deviance are a result of the breakdown of social institutions and the disintegration of social bonds within a community. According to this theory, neighborhoods with high levels of poverty, unemployment, and residential mobility are more likely to experience higher crime rates. The lack of social control and the absence of strong social networks contribute to the development of criminal behavior. On the other hand, the social learning theory, proposed by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in the 1930s, emphasizes the role of socialization and learning in the acquisition of deviant behavior. According to this theory, individuals learn criminal behavior through their interactions with others, particularly through observation and imitation of role models. The theory suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in criminal activities if they are exposed to deviant behavior and if they perceive the benefits of such behavior to outweigh the costs. In contrast, the social control/bond theory, developed by sociologist Travis Hirschi in the 1960s, focuses on the factors that prevent individuals from engaging in criminal behavior. This theory suggests that individuals are less likely to commit crimes if they have strong social bonds and attachments to conventional society. These bonds can include relationships with family, friends, school, and work. The theory argues that individuals with strong social bonds have more to lose by engaging in criminal behavior and are therefore more likely to conform to societal norms. In summary, while the social disorganization theory emphasizes the impact of social and environmental factors on crime rates, the social learning theory focuses on the role of learning and socialization in the acquisition of deviant behavior. The social control/bond theory, on the other hand, highlights the importance of social bonds and attachments in preventing individuals from engaging in criminal activities.
Akash M.
According to a systems perspective, there are multiple risk factors for maltreatment. Effective interventions work to change these risk factors in order to prevent maltreatment. From the following list, select the alternative that does NOT describe risk factors for maltreatment. Group of answer choices Unemployment, overcrowding and other family factors associated with poverty. Isolation from community resources and lack of extended family supports. A parenting style where parents consistently enforce and explain their demands on children. Parents' poor self-regulation, poor social skills, and negative appraisals of child behaviors. These are all risk factors for maltreatment.
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