00:02
Mendelian genetics is super useful for helping us understand simple genetics and the probabilities that we find in offspring.
00:12
So for the classic example we can take two individuals who are both heterozygous for an allele at a certain locus, meaning that they have one dominant allele and one recessive, and if you put that information into a punnett square and solve it you'll see that there is a ratio of 1 to 2 to 1.
00:39
There's one chance out of four that the offspring will be homozygous dominant, two chances out of four that the offspring will be heterozygous, and one chance out of four that the offspring would be homozygous recessive.
00:57
So what i just found right here, this 1 to 2 to 1 would be a genotypic ratio, and this is just our baseline what you would expect to see.
01:11
However, this is not always the case.
01:13
There are a couple of things that may throw off the actual ratios that we see of two organisms having offspring, and that would be the law of segregation, and you can think of that as basically which alleles end up in which of the four gametes that will be produced per cell, per set of meiosis 1 and 2, and then there is also the law of independent assortment, and this is just which of the four gametes or which of the many gametes that each individual organism has are going to meet up with the opposite genders or gamete...