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Hello students, the progression from a single cancer cell to a tumor and the subsequent spread to tumors throughout the body, a process known as metastasis involves several major steps.
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First of all, initiation.
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A single cell undergoes genetic mutations or changes in its dna, which can be caused by various factors like environmental exposures, inherited genetic alterations or random errors during dna replication.
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Then promotion.
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The initiated cell begins to divide and multiply more rapidly, forming a small cluster of abnormal cells.
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This phase involves the promotion of cell growth and survival through acquisition of additional genetic alterations.
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Third is angiogenesis.
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The growing cluster of abnormal cells stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, a process called angiogenesis.
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This enables the tumor to receive a sufficient blood supply, ensuring the delivery of oxygen and nutrients for continued growth.
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Then invasion.
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Cancer cells acquire the ability to invade the surrounding tissues by breaking down the extracellular matrix, a mesh -like structure that supports cell organization.
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Through this process, cancer cells penetrate the neighboring cells or neighboring tissue and invade the adjacent regions...