What are the five basic tastes that humans recognize? Sour, salty, bitter umami, fatty Sour, sweet, bitter, fatty, brothy Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
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There are five basic tastes - sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and "umami." Salt is detected when the concentration of salt outside of a taste bud cell is higher than that inside of it, and ion channels allow the passive leakage of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ into the cell. The resulting change in membrane potential (see Concept 7.4 ) sends the "salty" signal to the brain. Umami is a savory taste generated by glutamate (glutamic acid, found in monosodium glutamate, or MSG), which is used as a flavor enhancer in foods such as taco-flavored tortilla chips. The glutamate receptor is a GPCR, which, when bound, initiates a signaling pathway that ends with a cellular response, perceived by you as "taste." If you eat a regular potato chip and then rinse your mouth, you will no longer taste salt. But if you eat a flavored tortilla chip and then rinse, the taste persists. (Try it!) Propose a possible explanation for this difference.
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