Question

1. What are the functions of the cell membrane? 2. Briefly describe the functions of the following structures: mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cilia, and microvilli. 3. What types of molecules can diffuse through the plasma membrane? 4. Define diffusion and concentration gradient. How are they related? 5. What are the different protein channels found on the cell membrane and what are their functions? 6. Describe the following processes: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport and vesicular transport. 7. Define the following terms: osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, hypotonic, hypertonic, hemolysis and crenation. 8. When a person receives intravenous fluids to help build up blood volume, why is it important for the fluid to be isotonic? 9. Describe the following terms: permeability, freely permeable, and impermeable. 10. What is resting membrane potential? 11. What role does the sodium-potassium exchange pump play in stabilizing the resting membrane potential? 12. In your own words, explain the action of G-proteins (2nd-messenger processes). 13. Why is the interior of a cell at a relatively steady resting potential of -70mV? 14. During kidney dialysis, a person's blood is passed through a bath that contains several ions and molecules. The blood is separated from the dialysis fluid by a membrane that allows water, small ions, and small molecules to pass, but does not allow large proteins or blood cells to pass. What should the composition of dialysis fluid be for it to remove urea (a small molecule) without changing the blood volume (removing water from the blood)? 15. Intravenous injection of KCl could be fatal. Why?

1. What are the functions of the cell membrane?
2. Briefly describe the functions of the following structures: mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cilia, and microvilli.
3. What types of molecules can diffuse through the plasma membrane?
4. Define diffusion and concentration gradient. How are they related?
5. What are the different protein channels found on the cell membrane and what are their functions?
6. Describe the following processes: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport
and vesicular transport.
7. Define the following terms: osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure,
hypotonic, hypertonic, hemolysis and crenation.
8. When a person receives intravenous fluids to help build up blood volume,
why is it important for the fluid to
be isotonic?
9. Describe the following terms: permeability, freely permeable, and
impermeable.
10. What is resting membrane potential?
11. What role does the sodium-potassium exchange pump play in stabilizing
the resting membrane potential?
12. In your own words, explain the action of G-proteins (2nd-messenger
processes).
13. Why is the interior of a cell at a relatively steady resting potential of
-70mV?
14. During kidney dialysis, a person's blood is passed through a bath that
contains several ions and molecules. The blood is separated from the dialysis
fluid by a membrane that allows water, small ions, and small molecules to
pass, but does not allow large proteins or blood cells to pass. What should
the composition of dialysis fluid be for it to remove urea (a small molecule)
without changing the blood volume (removing water from the blood)?
15. Intravenous injection of KCl could be fatal. Why?

Added by Belinda Y.

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