What conditions would cause a woman to be at a higher risk of neural tube defects during pregnancy and what should they do?
Added by Aitor J.
Step 1
- Women who have a history of neural tube defects in previous pregnancies are at a higher risk. - Women with a family history of neural tube defects are also at increased risk. - Maternal obesity and diabetes can increase the risk of neural tube defects. - Certain Show more…
Show all steps
Your feedback will help us improve your experience
Joanna Quigley and 83 other Biology educators are ready to help you.
Ask a new question
Labs
Want to see this concept in action?
Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.
Key Concepts
Recommended Videos
Aside from a risk of birth defects, what other effect might a toxoplasmosis infection have?
Bibi N.
A female patient who is a vegan visits her physician because of problems with balance and recent onset diarrhea. The patient also expresses that her spouse has noticed a decline in her memory within the past year. The physician orders lab work as an initial review of her health status. CBC results include the following: "Hemoglobin = 9g/dL" "Hematocrit = 27%" "MCV = 132 fL" "MCH = 37 pg" "MCHC = 30" "RBC count = 3.79 x 10^12/L" "WBC count = low" "Platelet count = low" Peripheral smear revealed nucleated RBC's, Howell-Jolly body inclusions, schistocytes, teardrop cells, and macroovalocytes. There were also hypersegmented neutrophils (>5 lobes). 1. Based on the patient's MCV, what would be the predominant size of the patient's RBC's, in addition to the morphologies noted above? Average range for MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) is between 80 to 100 fL. Here we are observing a case with high MCV, which indicates a condition of an increased volume of RBC also known as "macrocytic average RBC". The frequency of such RBC is higher in the blood. 2. Would this patient's anemia be categorized as megaloblastic or non-megaloblastic? Justify your answer by using the CBC results to back up your decision. Megaloblastic. 3. Describe the process by which pancytopenia could have developed in this patient. 4. Diagnosis of this condition can be made with peripheral smear results; thus, bone marrow analysis is not indicated. However, the bone marrow would show significant changes. Describe what the RBC and WBC precursors would look like. 5. Using what you identified above, what is this patient's likely deficiency that is causing her anemia? 6. List the steps in absorption of this vitamin and identify where this patient's deficiency is caused. What would be the cause of pernicious anemia? a. How should this patient be treated? b. What conditions could be ruled out that also contain macrocytes?
Sri K.
Recommended Textbooks
Biology for AP Courses
Objective Biology for NEET
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Transcript
18,000,000+
Students on Numerade
Trusted by students at 8,000+ universities
Watch the video solution with this free unlock.
EMAIL
PASSWORD