What distance metric is decremented by one for each time a router is crossed on a network path? O Type O TTL O Hop Count O Dead timer
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Step 1: TTL (Time to Live) is a field in the IP header that is decremented by one each time a packet passes through a router. Show more…
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Suppose the server S transmits data to host D over a three-hop path as shown below. P{loss} = 10% P{loss} = 1% P{loss} = 20% S ---------------- R1 ---------------- R2 ---------------- D a) [5 pts] The first hop is a lossy wireless link that randomly drops 10% of packets. The second hop is a relatively reliable wired link that randomly drops only 1% of packets. The third hop is also a wireless link that randomly drops 20% of the packets. What is the likelihood that a packet successfully traverses the entire path? b) [5 pts] If a packet is lost on any link in part a), the sender, S, must retransmit the packet over the entire path. What is the likelihood that the packet must be transmitted more than four times? c) [5 pts] Suppose the router R1 sends an acknowledgment to S if a packet successfully arrives. Similarly, D sends an acknowledgement to R2 if a packet successfully arrives. S and R2 retransmit the packets only if no acknowledgment is received. There are no acknowledgements between R1 and R2. Assume acknowledgments are always successfully delivered. What is the likelihood that the source, S, must transmit a packet more than four times for this case? d) [5 pts] How much does the acknowledgement mechanism described above reduces the likelihood that a packet send from S to D gets lost on the way?
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