What do pollen grains contain? What is pollination? What are advantages of pollen? What are the evolutionary advantages of seeds over spores? What are the two key traits of angiosperms? Describe the four types of floral organs. What are the five key traits of nearly all plants? 1) Alternation of generations; 2) Multicellular, dependent embryos); 3) Walled spores produced in sporangia; 4) Multicellular gametangia: 5) Apical meristems. Plants also have cuticle, a waxy covering of the epidermis; stomata, openings controlled by guard cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant; and mycorrhizae, symbiotic associations between fungi and land plants. What does a fruit develop from? What are the two main types of fruits? What is the function of fruits? What are the various fruit adaptations that enhance the survival of fruits and the seeds contained within them? What are the features of animal-pollinated flowers that make these flowers attractive to animal pollinators? Characteristics of a flower often correlate with its pollinator. These correlations are called pollination syndromes, and these include: Scent, flower shape, and flower color. Plants are autotrophs that sustain themselves, do not usually consume organic molecules derived from other organisms, and through the process of photosynthesis, convert CO2 and H2O to sugars and other organic molecules. Define: photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs (heterotrophs). What is chlorophyll? What is the function of chlorophyll? What is mesophyll? What is the function of stomata?