What is a rare cancer most common in children 18 months...

Name: what is a rare cancer most common in children 18 months affecting one or both eyes in which parents report the appearance of a white pupil leukocoria group of answer choices stabismus basal 90044
Uploaded: 2022-04-19T20:17:38-08:00
Duration: 4 min 35 s
Channel: Sri K
Description: what is a rare cancer most common in children 18 months affecting one or both eyes in which parents report the appearance of a white pupil leukocoria group of answer choices stabismus basal 90044

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Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the retina. The retina is located in the back of the inside of the eye and is responsible for detecting light. Alfred Knudson, at the University of Texas at Houston, observed that retinoblastomas fall into two classes. In Class I, the retinoblastoma is first diagnosed in children at the mean age of three and the tumors are often found in both eyes. In Class II, the retinoblastoma is diagnosed at the mean age of five, and a single tumor is detected in one eye. Given what you know about germ cell mutations and somatic cell mutations, give a plausible explanation for the observation of two classes of retinoblastoma:

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Part I - White Spots Chris and Julie were sitting in their living room one evening with their 10-month-old daughter, Kay, between them. She was doing a particularly cute thing, so Chris decided to take a picture. "That's odd," he said, frowning down at the photograph on his phone. He asked his wife, Julie, "What do you think is wrong with her eyes?" Looking at the photo, Julie saw what Chris was talking about: there was a large, white reflection in Kay's left eye and a smaller one in her right eye. Julie's heart sank as she remembered the pediatrician asking them to look out for this type of thing. "We should take her to the doctor. You know that eye cancers run in my family. I've seen that left eye wander, too. I'll make an appointment in the morning." Chris and Julie didn't sleep well that night. When she was a baby, Julie was treated for tumors in both of her eyes. Her mother also had this condition as a child, and died last year after a lengthy battle with bone cancer at the age of 58. Julie's uncle (her mom's younger brother) had tumors in both eyes as an infant and was diagnosed two years ago with melanoma at the age of 66; he passed away last spring. Julie's maternal grandmother also had tumors in each of her eyes as a child, but her grandfather did not. Julie's younger brother had no history of cancer. However, Julie's older brother did have eye tumors as a child; his daughter, however, did not. So a few days later, a nervous Chris and Julie took off work to take Kay to see the family pediatrician, Dr. Whitt. Dr. Whitt explained to Chris and Julie that she was hosting a medical intern that day who would be observing with their consent. Dr. Whitt noted leukocoria in both eyes and strabismus in the left. After Kay's physical exam, Dr. Whitt asked Julie to confirm a few questions about her family history. "Chris," Dr. Whitt asked, "out of curiosity, does your family also have a history of cancers or eye problems?" "No," replied Chris, with a hopeful look at Julie. "I see," replied Dr. Whitt. "I'm going to order an MRI. We'll have a better idea of what we're dealing with once we see the results. However, this looks so far like Kay has the same childhood cancer that runs in Julie's family: retinoblastoma. If the MRI confirms this diagnosis, then we'll talk about next steps. Likely, these will involve a pediatric oncologist and possibly a genetic counselor."

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Part I – White Spots Chris and Julie were sitting in their living room one evening with their 10-month-old daughter, Kay, between them. She was doing a particularly cute thing, so Chris decided to take a picture. "That's odd," he said, frowning down at the photograph on his phone. He asked his wife, Julie, "What do you think is wrong with her eyes?" Looking at the photo, Julie saw what Chris was talking about: there was a large, white reflection in Kay's left eye and a smaller one in her right eye. Julie's heart sank as she remembered the pediatrician asking them to look out for this type of thing. "We should take her to the doctor. You know that eye cancers run in my family. I've seen that left eye wander, too. I'll make an appointment in the morning." Chris and Julie didn't sleep well that night. When she was a baby, Julie was treated for tumors in both of her eyes. Her mother also had this condition as a child, and died last year after a lengthy battle with bone cancer at the age of 58. Julie's uncle (her mom's younger brother) had tumors in both eyes as an infant and was diagnosed two years ago with melanoma at the age of 66; he passed away last spring. Julie's maternal grandmother also had tumors in each of her eyes as a child, but her grandfather did not. Julie's younger brother had no history of cancer. However, Julie's older brother did have eye tumors as a child; his daughter, however, did not. So a few days later, a nervous Chris and Julie took off work to take Kay to see the family pediatrician, Dr. Whitt. Dr. Whitt explained to Chris and Julie that she was hosting a medical intern that day who would be observing with their consent. Dr. Whitt noted leukocoria in both eyes and strabismus in the left. After Kay's physical exam, Dr. Whitt asked Julie to confirm a few questions about her family history. "Chris," Dr. Whitt asked, "out of curiosity, does your family also have a history of cancers or eye problems?" "No," replied Chris, with a hopeful look at Julie. "I see," replied Dr. Whitt. "I'm going to order an MRI. We'll have a better idea of what we're dealing with once we see the results. However, this looks so far like Kay has the same childhood cancer that runs in Julie's family: retinoblastoma. If the MRI confirms this diagnosis, then we'll talk about next steps. Likely, these will involve a pediatric oncologist and possibly a genetic counselor."

Sri K.

Transcript

00:01 Hi, retinoblastoma rb, a tumor suppressor gene which prevent uncontrolled growth in the cells.

00:08 Retinoblastoma, it is denoted by r b.

00:16 It is a tumor suppressor gene.

00:22 Tumor suppressor and that prevent uncontrolled growth in the cell.

00:34 To prevent growth in the cell.

00:44 Mutation in this gene leads to eye cancer development known as retinoblastoma.

00:51 So mutation in this gene leads to rb.

01:02 Germline are mutation present in germ cells which are child get mutant copy of rb.

01:10 So here germline mutations.

01:20 So here child get.

01:24 Mutant copy of rb, which means it is transmitted.

01:31 As retinoblastoma can function in autosomal dominant madnar, which means one copy can form protein product.

01:37 So it is basically an autosomal dominant disorder...

Question

What is a rare cancer most common in children (18 months) affecting one or both eyes in which parents report the appearance of a white pupil / leukocoria: Group of answer choices Stabismus Basal cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Retinoblastoma

Question

What is a rare cancer most common in children (18 months) affecting one or both eyes in which parents report the appearance of a white pupil / leukocoria: Group of answer choices Stabismus Basal cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Retinoblastoma

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