What role did horizontal gene transfer play in the evolution of Plasmodium? Group of answer choices It allowed Plasmodium to become multicellular. It enabled the parasite to infect plants. It contributed to the development of its parasitic traits. It helped Plasmodium evolve antibiotic resistance.
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It is the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional vertical inheritance, often enabling new traits rapidly. Show more…
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Plasmodium vivax is a protist that causes a form of malaria. When $P$. vivax enters the blood, it attaches to a glycoprotein on the red blood cells. The same glycoprotein is found on a variety of other cells as well. Some human populations in Africa are immune to $P .$ vivax because they lack this particular glycoprotein, but only on their red blood cells. The transcription of this glycoprotein is under the influence of a number of enhancers, and the one that is expressed in red blood cell precursors is mutated in the population that is immune to this form of malaria. What does this case illustrate in evolutionary developmental terms?
When plant hemoglobin genes were first discovered in legumes, it was so surprising to find a gene typical of animal blood that it was hypothesized that the plant gene arose by horizontal transfer from an animal. Many more hemoglobin genes have now been sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree based on some of these sequences is shown in Figure $Q 1-2$ A. Does this tree support or refute the hypothesis that the plant hemoglobins arose by horizontal gene transfer? B. Supposing that the plant hemoglobin genes were originally derived from a parasitic nematode, for example, what would you expect the phylogenetic tree to look like?
When plant hemoglobin genes were first discovered in legumes, it was so surprising to find a gene typical of animal blood that it was hypothesized that the plant gene arose by horizontal transfer from an animal. Many more hemoglobin genes have now been sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree based on some of these sequences is shown in Figure $\mathbf{Q} \mathbf{1}-\mathbf{3}$ A. Does this tree support or refute the hypothesis that the plant hemoglobins arose by horizontal gene transfer? B. Supposing that the plant hemoglobin genes were originally derived from a parasitic nematode, for example, what would you expect the phylogenetic tree to look like?
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