What was the main impetus behind the development of Bayesian analysis? A method that could eliminate statistical approaches and just treat all characters the same. A method that would allow you to generate branch support values as well as find an optimal phylogeny. A method that could utilize models of evolution and a statistical approach, but was not as computationally intense as Maximum Likelihood. A method that could handle genetic data as well as morphological data.
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Match the following phylogenetic terms with their best definitions. A rule used to decide which tree is 'best' for the method and dataset used in tree searches. Bootstrapping The tree that maximizes the likelihood under the assumed evolutionary model is chosen as the 'best'. Likelihood The probability that a hypothesis is true, given both new and prior knowledge. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) A quantity that is proportional to the probability of the data, given specific values for all parameters in the model. Optimality criterion Parsimony analysis Selects the tree that requires the fewest character state changes as the 'best' tree. Maximum likelihood A statistical technique in which an original dataset is sampled randomly, with replacement, to create new datasets of the same size as the original dataset. Least-squares The tree showing the best fit between estimated pairwise distances is chosen as the 'best'. Bayesian posterior probability Parameter values that are associated with the global maximum of the likelihood function.
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If you are conducting a phylogenetic analysis and analyze your molecular sequence dataset using parsimony; maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods When you inspect the results you see that the ML and Bayesian phylogenetic trees are identical; but the parsimony trees differ in key = relationships. What could cause this discrepancy? Different ways of estimating the statistical support for nodes among trecs estimated by different methads Equal and moderate rates of molecular evolution among the species in the analysis: Low levels of homoplasy A large amount of sequence evolution along some branches of the phylogeny:
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Is Parsimony a legitimate evolutionary assumption? Explain its utility in Phylogenetic analyses.
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