When glucose levels are low, fatty acids cannot be used in aerobic energy production. Question 11 options: True False
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True/False for the following statement: Fatty acid degradation produces acetyl-CoA; however, in the absence of glucose, acetyl-CoA is not able to enter the citric acid cycle due to insufficient oxaloacetate (substrate in the 1st step). When carbohydrate concentrations drop, any available oxaloacetate is diverted to gluconeogenesis to produce glucose necessary for brain and red blood cell function. If the acetyl-CoA is not able to enter the citric acid cycle (and acetyl-CoA isn't able to be converted to pyruvate in mammals), it is then converted into ketone bodies. 2. Individuals that have a mutation in the gene for apolipoprotein B-100 have low levels of the protein, which is a component of LDL. Will these individuals have hypercholesterolemia, hypocholesterolemia, or an accumulation of fat in the liver? a. With low levels, LDL production is low, thus no accumulation of fat in the liver. b. LDL is important for cholesterol transport from the liver to other tissues - low levels of LDL cause hypocholesterolemia. c. LDL and HDL are important for cholesterol transport from the liver to other tissues, thus low levels of LDL cause hypocholesterolemia. d. LDL is important for triacylglycerol transport from tissues to the liver, so low levels of LDL cause hypocholesterolemia. e. Insufficient apolipoprotein B-100 affects LDL production; without enough of that protein or lipoprotein, the individuals are not as able to export triacylglycerols & other lipids from the liver in the form of LDL, and lipids remain in the liver. f. Insufficient apolipoprotein B-100 affects the production of LDL and HDL; without enough of the protein or lipoprotein, individuals are not as able to export triacylglycerols & other lipids from the liver in the form of HDL; lipids remain in the liver.
Adi S.
True or False. If the statement is false, explain why. 16. ______ Glucose is the only carbon -containing molecule that can be fed into the glycolytic pathway. 17. ______ Fats are efficient long-term energy storage molecules that gram for gram contain twice the energy as carbohydrates. 18. ______ Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, therefore it can only occur in the absence of oxygen. 19. ______ Carbon dioxide and water, the products of aerobic respiration, generally get into the blood and are carried to the gills or lungs, kidneys, and skin, where they are expelled from the animal's body. 20. Record in the spaces below the processes or substances labeled with letters in the diagram of intermediary metabolism. Hint: With the exception of c and e, all letters represent substances. 21. Cells do not waste resources—Carbohydrates and fats are not oxidized to produce ATP unless there is a need to. Explain how ATP production is controlled by the cell and what role the allosteric enzyme, phosphofructokinase (PFK), plays. Think about feedback inhibition.
Josee P.
Question Fat losses are greater with a ketogenic diet than a diet that includes the recommended amount of carbohydrate because the body has to burn more fat for fuel. True False Question Energy for all cells in the body is made in liver cells. True False Question Amino acids from proteins and fatty acids from fats we eat can be converted to glucose for energy. True False Question Which of these is a compound made primarily of pyruvate that starts the TCA cycle? Oxaloacetate Acetyl CoA Lactate Fatty Acids Question What body stores are tapped first for energy during fasting? (Select all that apply) Glycogen Body proteins Adipose tissue Bone tissue
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