Which of the following best describes the effect of chronic hypertension on the development of heart failure? (A) Hypertension stimulates the RAAS system resulting in decreased blood volume B C D When pumping blood out of the heart the left ventricle eventually becomes hypertrophic due to the continuous need to overcome elevated pressures in the aorta. Elevated blood pressure causes an increase in pulmonary artery pressure that the right ventricle must pump against to eject blood. Blood return to the heart is impaired in hypertension resulting in the need for the heart to increase the rate and force of contraction.
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23. If Eliana's heart has to work harder and harder, the ventricular muscle will stiffen inhibiting its ability to stretch properly. Which of the following could occur? A. Blood back-up in the pulmonary circuit B. Inadequate ventricular relaxation C. Increase in end diastolic volume D. A and B E. A, B and C 24. What will be the end result from your answer in question #23? A. Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries B. Net fluid movement from the pulmonary interstitial space into the capillaries C. Net fluid movement for the pulmonary capillary to the interstitial spaces of the lung D. A and C E. A, B, and C 25. After all of these problems continue, there is no proper treatment or intervention, and Eliana's condition becomes terminal, she would be diagnosed with and would require a heart transplant.
Madhur L.
In congestive heart failure (CHF) , the main pumping chambers of your heart (the ventricles) may become stiff and not fill properly between beats. In some cases of heart failure, your heart muscle may become damaged and weakened, and the ventricles stretch (dilate) to the point that the heart can't pump blood efficiently throughout your body. Over time, the heart can no longer keep up with the normal demands placed on it to pump blood to the rest of your body. There are several different types. Here are two. Left-sided heart failure: Fluid may back up in your lungs, causing shortness of breath. Right-sided heart failure: Fluid may back up into your abdomen, legs and feet, causing swelling. Simone has left sided heart failure which would cause fluid to build up in the alveoli. Q1) From what you know about blood flow through the heart and bulk flow in capillaries, why would an inability to fill and contract the left side of the heart lead to fluid building up in the lungs? Q2) Why would fluid in the lungs prevent external respiration of the nonpolar oxygen and carbon dioxide? Q3) If you impair the external respiration of carbon dioxide, what would you expect Simone's blood levels to be? Why? Q4) Consider that carbon dioxide level in part #3, what type of acid base imbalance would be caused in this case? Please explain your answer, provide ABGs and explain how carbon dioxide and/or compensation led to each ABG.
High pressure in the systemic and pulmonary circuits often results in ventricular hypertrophy, in which the ventricle enlarges to pump against greater force. Which side(s) of the heart would be affected by high pressure in the systemic circuit? Explain.
Sri K.
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