Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which steroid hormones control gene expression? Chaperone proteins transport steroid hormones into the cell and guide them to their target genes. Steroid hormones enter a cell, bind directly to hormone response elements (HREs), and enhance transcription. Steroid hormones transport mRNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it is translated into protein. Steroid hormones that enter the cell activate receptors. These hormone-receptor complexes then bind HREs and influence gene expression.
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Steroid hormones regulate gene expression by: - binding to plasma membrane-bound receptors that then regulate gene expression through activation of an intracellular signaling cascade. - binding to coactivators and corepressors, which interact with DNA-binding proteins to regulate gene expression. - binding to DNA-binding receptor proteins, which in turn regulate gene expression. - binding to and activating RNA polymerase II. binding directly to DNA in regions where hormone-triggered genes are to be expressed.
Adi S.
Steroid hormones are known to affect gene expression in humans. Which of the following cellular responses would you expect to occur on a target cell as a result of steroid hormone action? a. The hormone would diffuse through the cell membrane and bind directly to a gene to turn on, or off, transcription. b. The hormone would bind to a receptor on the cell surface and be brought into the cell by endocytosis. c. The hormone would diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. d. Since steroids are built from cholesterol, they would enter the cell membrane and remain within the plasma membrane structure. In this position, they would bind to other proteins creating secondary messengers that would enter the cytoplasm.
Md.Daniyal A.
28. Steroid hormones, such as testosterone, pass through the plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular protein, as shown in the diagram below. The hormone-receptor complex then enters the nucleus, where it interacts with DNA to promote transcription of a specific gene. SIGNALING DIAGRAM FOR STEROID HORMONES Steroid Hormone Plasma Membrane Intracellular Protein Hormone-Receptor Complex Nuclear Envelope DNA Target-Gene mRNA Protein Ribosome Based on the information presented, which of the following will also occur in response to steroid signaling? (A) Histone protein synthesis will increase because histones maintain the DNA in an optimal conformation for chromosome assembly. (B) Ribosome production will increase because ribosomes are specific for the mRNA with which they bind during translation. (C) DNA replication will increase as a result of the binding of the hormone-receptor complex to the DNA. (D) Production of a specific mRNA will increase as a result of the binding of the hormone-receptor complex to the DNA.
Maitreya E.
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