Which of the following could result in failure of a target cell to respond to its hormone? Check all that apply. (check all that apply) Increase in the number of receptors Impaired receptor function Presence of antibodies that inhibit hormone binding to its receptor Inadequate second messenger molecules SUBMIT
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Thyroxine is the most abundant thyroid hormone secreted into the bloodstream. You are trying to understand why thyroxine is unable to exert its effects on muscle cells isolated from a patient suffering from a metabolism disorder. You verified experimentally that the thyroxine is able to bind to its receptor located inside the cytoplasm of the muscle cells. However, there was no overall change in gene expression following incubation of the cells with thyroxine. Discuss what could have prevented the activated thyroxine receptor from exerting its effects on the muscle cells.
Sri K.
Thyroid hormone is a lipid-soluble signal molecule that crosses the membrane of all cells. Why would a cell fail to respond to the thyroid hormone? a. The M A P K cascade leading to cell activation is defective in the target cells. b. The DNA sequence it binds to underwent a mutation. c. There is no intra cellular receptor for thyroid hormone in the cell. d. The second messenger does not recognize the signal from the receptor.
Why don't all cells respond when exposed to a ligand released from a signaling cell? A. Only target cells have the appropriate genes. B. Only target cells have proper receptors. C. Only target cells are permeable to the hormone. D. Only target cells are close enough to be exposed. 2. A faulty receptor that no longer promotes a survival (anti-apoptotic) response could have all of the following cellular consequences except: A. lysis of plasma membrane B. activation of caspases C. shrinkage and lobe formation (blebbing) D. fragmentation of DNA via nucleases 3. Which of the following would be most affected by the addition of a phosphatase enzyme? A. adenylyl cyclase activity B. receptor tyrosine kinase activity C. G-protein-coupled receptor activity D. ligand-gated ion channel activity
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