Which of the following groups support the Boreotical Hypothesis: A. Goetzea B. Caribbean Island reptiles C. Caribbean Island amphibians D. None of the above E. Options A, B, and C support this hypothesis
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Adaptive radiations do not appear to have ever occurred (a) on isolated islands (b) in birds such as honeycreepers (c) in environments colonized by few species (d) in plants such as silverswords (e) in environments with many existing species
Evolutionary radiations $a .$ often happen on continents, but rarely on island archipelagos. $b$. characterize birds and plants, but not other taxonomic groups. c. have happened on continents as well as on islands. d. require major reorganizations of the genome. $e .$ never happen in species-poor environments.
Which of the following are thought to be negative 'edge effects' for regionally rare 'habitat interior' species related to habitat fragmentation? - increased level of predation from small to mid-sized generalist predators near habitat edges - all of these are thought to be negative 'edge effects' - increased levels of parasitism and diseases near habitat edges - increased levels of competition from 'edge (loving) species' near habitat edges A 'minimum viable population' can be defined as the smallest isolated population... - has a 0% chance of going extinct despite the foreseeable effects of demographic, environmental, and genetic stochasticity, and natural and anthropogenic catastrophes - retaining 99% of the genetic variation for 1000 years despite the foreseeable effects of demographic, environmental, and genetic stochasticity, and natural and anthropogenic catastrophe. - none of these define a minimum viable population that will be immune to inbreeding depression and the positive feedback loops often described as 'the vortex effect'. - having a 99% chance of remaining extant for 1000 years despite the foreseeable effects of demographic, environmental, and genetic stochasticity, and natural and anthropogenic catastrophes. Imagine that we are comparing the species-area relationships (and equations) for the same habitat type (e.g., eastern deciduous forest) between samples (within a very large, contiguous area) and isolates (habitat 'islands' or fragments). When comparing species-area equations between samples and isolates, the equation for isolates will probably have... - a smaller 'z' - no way to predict this - a larger 'z' - the same 'z' This biologist tested predictions of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography by studying small mangrove islands off the coast of Florida. - None of these - Robert MacArthur - E. O. Wilson - David Wilcove - Daniel Simberloff
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