Which of the following statements accurately illustrate a step in risk assessment? Cigarete smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels (artieries).
Added by Timothy B.
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- In this case, the hazard is cigarette smoking. Show more…
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Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing an estimated 438,000 deaths—or about 1 out of every 5 smokers—each year (Woloshin, Schwartz, & Welch, 2008). Mr. Amos is 57 years old and has been smoking for the past 30 years of his life. A recent doctor's visit revealed that Mr. Amos has stage-3 lung cancer, characterized by his symptoms of nagging chest pain, fatigue, coughing up blood, substantial weight loss, and increased carbon dioxide levels in his blood. The doctor informed Mr. Amos that had he quit his smoking habit several years ago, he would have reduced his risk for developing lung cancer later in life. Mr. Amos immediately began treatment for the lung cancer that had metastasized to his lymph nodes. Answer the following 3 questions regarding this case study: Briefly describe the respiratory system. What main components in cigarettes affect the respiratory system? Explain the effect of 2 compounds on specific organs, cells, and processes in the respiratory system. There are alternate mechanisms of transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the blood. Explain how smoking might lead to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. Can smoking affect other organ systems of the body? Give specific examples, and briefly explain your answer.
Sri K.
A recent study set out to investigate the association between smoking and the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of heart attacks among adults in the US. Upon enrollment in the study, 1,232 adult participants were asked to report whether they had ever smoked more than one pack of cigarettes in their lifetimes. The participants were then examined for the development of CAD once a year for the following twenty years. Examinations found 106 cases of CAD among the 368 participants who had never smoked and 419 cases of CAD among the 864 participants who had ever smoked.
Adi S.
Gabriel is surprised to hear that his smoking combined with his familial predisposition for the condition are the likely culprits of the aneurysm. Gabriel is confused because he stopped smoking years ago and had always thought that smoking only damaged his lungs. How could smoking have contributed to the aneurysm? A.) Chemicals in tobacco are absorbed into the blood stream and irritate the endothelium. Over time, the inflammation leads to irreversible plaque buildup within the blood vessels which weakens the vessel wall. B.) Tobacco displaces white blood cells in the blood, preventing a proper immune response to the irritants. C.) Chemicals in the tobacco smoke damage red blood cells, causing an increase in carbon dioxide that can damage the cells in the artery walls. D.) Smoking damages the alveoli, which makes it hard to exercise. The lack of proper exercise leads to permanent damage to blood vessels.
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