69) Which of the following statements is TRUE of exogenous antigens? A) Exogenous antigens are presented on class I MHC proteins. B) All cells except red blood cells process exogenous antigens. C) Only B cells can recognize exogenous antigens. D) Dendritic cells and macrophages process exogenous antigens. E) Exogenous antigens are produced by cells infected with intracellular pathogens. 70) The thymus is where A) T cells produce their TCR for the first time. B) T cells are produced. C) clonal deletion of T cells takes place. D) T cells produce their TCR for the first time and undergo clonal deletion. E) T cells undergo clonal expansion. 71) Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE? A) They are descended from activated B cells. B) They live for many years and function as memory cells. C) The antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for weeks. D) They secrete a single type of antibody molecule specific for a single epitope. E) They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis. 72) Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE? A) Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated. C) A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells. D) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide. E) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target. 73) The molecular interaction between an antigen presenting cell and a T cell is A) a dendrite. B) an immunological synapse. C) regulatory TCR. D) CD95L. E) clonal expansion. 74) The lymphatic system A) collects fluid from around the brain and spinal cord. B) has a pumping mechanism to move fluid. C) is the site of B and T cell clonal deletion. D) includes areas of high concentrations of APCs, T and B cells. E) is very impermeable to extracellular fluid. 75) Which of the following is the result when a CTL interacts with a virally infected cell? A) The CTL produces oxidizing chemicals. B) The cell produces MHC II with epitope attached. C) The cell releases interferon-gamma (IFN-?). D) The CTL produces IL-12. E) The cell undergoes apoptosis.
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Which of the following is true? If the statement is false, underline the misplaced word or words in each statement. In the fever process, interleukin 1 is secreted by macrophages, stimulates the anterior hypothalamus to secrete PTH which resets the body thermostat higher. In the adaptive Immune Response, the immune system's first exposure to a pathogen is called a primary adaptive response. Upon re-exposure to the same pathogen, a secondary adaptive immune response is generated, which is stronger and faster than the primary response. The secondary adaptive response cannot eliminate a pathogen before it can cause significant tissue damage or any symptoms. Without symptoms, there is no disease, and the individual is not even aware of the infection. This secondary response is the basis of immunological memory, which protects us from getting diseases repeatedly from the same pathogen. A third important feature of the adaptive immune response is its ability to distinguish between self-antigens, those that are normally present in the body, and foreign antigens, those that might be on a potential pathogen. An antigenic determinant (epitope) is one of the small regions within an antigen to which a receptor can bind, and antigenic determinants are limited by the size of the receptor itself. Antigen processing is a mechanism that enzymatically cleaves the antigen into smaller pieces. The antigen fragments are then brought to the cell's surface and associated with a specialized type of antigen-presenting protein known as a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. During T Cell Development and Differentiation, T cells undergo positive and negative selection in the thymic cortex and medulla, respectively.
Suman K.
1. Select the statements that correctly describe the role of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes in adaptive immunity. Select the TWO answers that are correct. The thymus is the site of T cell development. The thymus and lymph nodes work together in humoral immunity. The thymus and spleen produce B cells. Lymph nodes and the spleen filter pathogens from lymph and blood. The lymph nodes secrete lymphatic fluid. 2. How do humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity differ? Select the TWO answers that are correct. Humoral immunity involves mainly B cells, whereas cell-mediated immunity involves mainly T cells. Humoral immunity is an innate immune response, whereas cell-mediated immunity is an adaptive immune response. Humoral immunity targets antigens that circulate in blood and lymph, whereas cell-mediated immunity targets abnormal cells. Humoral immunity involves mainly T cells, whereas cell-mediated immunity involves mainly B cells. Humoral immunity responds to viral infection, whereas cell-mediated immunity responds to bacterial infection. 3. Select statements that correctly describe the functions of lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity. Select the TWO statements that are correct. Phagocytes make many copies of a specific antibody. B cells recognize antigens and divide into plasma cells. Memory B cells retain antibodies to respond to future infections. Memory T cells enter circulation to recognize future infections. Cytotoxic T cells kill pathogens and abnormal body cells. 4. Select statements that correctly describe interactions between antibodies and antigens. Select the TWO statements that are correct. An antibody on the surface of a B cell recognizes and binds to a specific antigen on the surface of a pathogen. An antibody is an immune protein that circulates in body fluids that binds to an antigen on the surface of a pathogen. An antibody is a surface protein of a pathogen that is recognized by an antigen on a lymphocyte. An antibody is a lymphocyte that rapidly divides into plasma cells when it detects an antigen. An antibody is a complex and versatile protein that recognizes and binds to many different antigens. 5. Select the statements that correctly describe the role of B and T cells. Select the TWO answers that are correct. B cells form the lymph nodes. T cells make up the thymus. B cells produce antibodies. T cells destroy infected cells. B cells stimulate T cells. 6. What is a memory cell? a lymphocyte that recognizes a specific antigen long after initial exposure to the pathogen a B cell that binds to antigens that are structurally different from the initial antigen a T cell that supplies B cells with antibodies that match an antigen from a previous infection a phagocyte that binds to a specific antigen and engulfs the cell with that antigen a plasma cell that releases large amounts of a specific antibody into the bloodstream
Sri K.
Which of the following statements is not true? a. An antibody has more than one antigen-binding site. b. A lymphocyte has receptors for multiple different antigens. c. An antigen can have different epitopes. d. A liver cell makes one class of MHC molecule.
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