Which of the following states that the radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation? Reciprocity law Inverse square law Ohm's law Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau
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Cells which are considered highly radiosensitive include lymphocytes, spermatogonia, erythroblasts, and intestinal crypt cells. At the doses received in diagnostic radiology (x-rays), only types of chromosomal aberrations are seen. A graphical representation of observed effects compared with radiation dose is termed a dose-response relationship (curve), pie-graph, bar graph, or line graph. For the acute radiation syndrome, in the 600-10,000 R range, death is mostly the result of damage to the system. Which of the following is a graphical representation of the relationship between radiation dose and observed response, in which any dose may have a potential effect, and there is a direct relationship between dose and effect? Non-threshold means that an observed response is directly proportional to the dose, means that an observed response is not directly proportional to the dose, assumes that there is a radiation level reached under which there would be no effects observed, assumes that any radiation dose produces an effect.
Dominador T.
Radiation Radiation, such as X-rays or the radiation from radioactivity, is absorbed as it passes through tissue or any other material. The rate of change in the intensity $I$ of the radiation with respect to the depth $x$ of tissue is directly proportional to the intensity $I$. This proportion can be expressed as an equation by introducing a positive constant of proportionality $k,$ where $k$ depends on the properties of the tissue and the type of radiation. (a) Show that $\frac{d I}{d x}=-k I, k>0$. (b) Explain why the minus sign is necessary. (c) Solve the differential equation in (a) to find the intensity $I$ as a function of the depth $x$ in the tissue. The intensity of the radiation when it enters the tissue is $I(0)=I_{0}$ (d) Find the value of $k$ if the intensity is reduced by $90 \%$ of its maximum value at a depth of $2.0 \mathrm{~cm} .$
Applications of the Derivative
Antiderivatives; Differential Equations
The RBE (relative biological effectiveness factor) for several different types of radiation is shown in the chart below: Type of Radiation RBE X-rays and gamma rays 1.0 Beta particles 1.0 - 1.7 Alpha particles 10 - 20 Thermal neutrons 2 - 5 Fast neutrons and protons to the eye 32 Fast neutrons and protons 10 Heavy ions 20 Using the above chart, determine the dose in Sv for maximum biological effectiveness from each of the following: (a) A 0.4 Gy γ-ray (b) A 2.6 mGy exposure to the eye by fast protons (c) A 1.4 mGy exposure to α particles What is the relationship between Sv, Gy, and RBE?
Cyra Jelle C.
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