Which of the following types of regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of a polypeptide (with no enzymatic activity itself) is needed? Answers: A - E A Covalent modification B Isoenzyme expression C Zymogen activation D Protein-protein interaction E Allosterism
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1. Binding energy between an enzyme and a substrate contributes to catalysis in which way? A. Binding energy provides the enzyme specificity for the substrate. B. Binding energy contributions allow for entropy reduction in the substrate-enzyme complex. C. Binding energy compensates for energy changes as a result of desolvation of the substrate. D. Binding energy contributes to the process of induced fit between the substrate and the enzyme. E. All of the above are correct. 2. A reaction is spontaneous if... A. The transition state has higher free energy than the substrate. B. The product has lower free energy than the substrate. C. It proceeds rapidly and without a catalyst. D. It can proceed in only one direction. 3. The enzyme Pepsin is produced in the stomach lining initially as a _______, which requires _______ for activation in the stomach. A. Kinase; phosphorylation. B. Zymogen; irreversible proteolytic cleavage. C. Proprotein; reversible proteolytic cleavage. D. Zymogen; ubiquitination. E. Phosphorylase; irreversible proteolytic cleavage.
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Which of the following factors affect enzyme activity over the long time scale (days to weeks)? A. Allosteric regulation B. DNA transcription C. Covalent modification D. Association with a regulatory protein E. Sequestration
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Working with Enzymes Find the correct description about regulation of enzyme activity: A: substrate level control is often mediated by allosteric enzymes B: Blood clotting can be considered as a type of reversible covalent interactions C: Allosteric regulation usually generates hyperbolic plot characteristics of Michaelis-Menten Kinetics D: Kinases and Phosphatases themselves cannot be regulated E: Enzyme phosphorylation by protein kinases is a type of covalent modification Which of the following descriptions about enzymes is incorrect: A: Enzymes catalyze thermodynamically unfavorable reactions, causing the unfavorable reaction to happen B: Enzymes reduce the activation energy of the reaction C: Enzymes do not change the standard free energy change for the reaction (Delta G) or the Keq D: All of the descriptions are correct E: Enzymes are proteins that work as biological catalysts
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