Which ONE of the following series correctly describes the conversion of a fatty acid to CO2?
a) Carnitine shuttle; activation to acyl-CoA; β-oxidation; Citric Acid Cycle
b) Activation to acyl-CoA; carnitine shuttle; β-oxidation; Citric Acid Cycle
c) Citric Acid Cycle; activation to acyl-CoA; β-oxidation; carnitine shuttle
d) Activation to acyl-CoA; β-oxidation; carnitine shuttle; Citric Acid Cycle
56. Which of the following is the potential major source of energy for the brain during prolonged starvation?
a) Ketone bodies
b) Fatty acids
c) Amino acids
d) Glucose
57. Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a) Insulin will shut down β-oxidation of fatty acids by accelerating the action of the carnitine shuttle.
b) Insulin given to a diabetic patient by injection will decrease fatty acid mobilization, decrease fatty acid β-oxidation and decrease ketogenesis.
c) Hyperglycemia will cause glycosylation of proteins, including hemoglobin, and cause retinal degeneration and circulatory problems.
d) Polyuria is a consequence of type I diabetes and involves the loss of copious amounts of water as a result of increased ketone body formation.
58. Which of the following molecules are all required for one turn of β-oxidation using the molecule palmitoyl CoA (16:0 CoA) within the mitochondrial matrix?
i) FAD ii) NADH iii) Thiamine iv) H2O v) NAD+ vi) acetyl CoA vii) CoA viii) FADH2
a) i, ii, iii, iv
b) v, vi, iii, viii
c) v, vi, vii, viii
d) i, iv, v, vii
59. Acidosis is detrimental for the body due to its effect on:
a) Increase bicarbonate production
b) Protein unfolding
c) Fructose catabolism
d) Cholesterol synthesis