Why did Rutherford conclude that the majority of the mass and positive charge of the atom had to be focused in the atom's center?
Because if the positive part of the atom were large, alpha particles would not change direction nearly as much as was observed in Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
Because of the emission and absorption spectra of hydrogen atoms.
Because Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that alpha particles were not deflected much when they struck gold atoms.
Because the nucleus of the atom is made of protons, neutrons and electrons, and each of those particles are very small.