Why is injury to the medulla oblongata frequently fatal? This region of the brain contains the centers for regulating the cardiovascular system and initiating respiration, both vital to life. In addition, most sensory and motor tracts pass through the medulla oblongata between higher and lower centers of the nervous system. The medulla oblongata controls the actions of C4 and C5 vertebrae. The medulla oblongata also controls the hypothalamus, which in turn controls the production of releasing hormones that have a direct effect on the pituitary gland. Bell's palsy is caused by inflammation of the facial nerve (VII). What signs and symptoms would you expect to observe? Is it permanent? Patients suffering from Bell's palsy usually experience paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side, along with loss of sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Pain is usually rare, and the condition usually resolves without specific treatment. Drooping of the face will occur. A loss of sense of smell and taste will also occur.