14. An immunodeficient person will a. have a very weak immune response to all forms of antigens b. not be able to distinguish between self and non-self cells c. not be able to produce antibodies to fight foreign antigens d. trigger a very strong but short-lived immune response 15. Mr. Koh Veed received a vaccine to fight the coronavirus. The vaccine will a. allow the body to produce similar antigens as the vaccine b. stimulate an allergic reaction in the body at the time of injection or inoculation c. stimulate the body to produce antibodies to the recognized foreign antigen d. increase phagocytic activity as part of innate immunity 16. Due to memory, the immune system responds faster and more strongly to a particular pathogen that the body has already encountered. a. specificity b. memory c. innate d. immunotherapy 17. IgM is often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM 18. IgA immunoglobulins are found in breast milk and protect infants from diarrheal illnesses in the first 6 months of life. a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM 19. Ms. Kit Cat was bitten by a stray dog. She was given human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). This will trigger her system to develop a. natural active immunity b. acquired passive immunity c. natural passive immunity d. acquired active immunity 20. In a certain barangay, there are 100 residents. 95% of them have received full vaccination for many infectious diseases, hence they have been declared as a model barangay with "herd immunity." This means to say that a. It is assured that 95% of the residents will not get sick from infectious diseases b. Only 5% of the residents are likely the ones to get sick immediately anytime c. The remaining 5% of the population will be protected by the fact that infectious diseases will not spread among those who were vaccinated. d. The vaccines are 95% effective in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in that certain barangay
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QUESTION 2 Choose TWO of the below scenarios and highlight these rows bold. State which general property of adaptive immunity the scenario illustrates in the second column. Select ONE phrase (from the list below) that BEST describes what is happening at a cellular level to result in this property of adaptive immunity. Write the letter corresponding to this phrase in the third column. An example is included. (0.5 mark each – total 2 marks) Scenario General property of immunity Explanation Even though your body contains a relatively small number of lymphocytes, your immune system can mount a response against almost any antigen it encounters. Versatility A Generally, after an initial infection, subsequent immune responses to that antigen are faster, stronger and more sustained. You can suffer from ‘the flu’ multiple times throughout your lifetime. Your immune system can distinguish between antigens on your own cells, and those of an invading pathogen. Possible phrases are listed below. Not all phrases will need to be used and only ONE phrase is required per row. If you record more than one, you will not be awarded any marks for your explanation. A There are millions of different lymphocyte populations, each of which is sensitive to a different antigen. Lymphocytes proliferate when activated by their specific antigen. B Each T or B cell has receptors that respond to only one antigen and ignores all others. C Activated lymphocytes produce two groups of cells: one group that attacks the invader immediately, and another that remains inactive unless it is exposed to the same antigen at a later date. D Each T and B cell can recognise many antigens and respond to a wide variety of possible threats. E T cells are versatile because they produce copious quantities of antibodies that can respond to a wide variety of threats. F Phagocytes have a reduced ability to destroy pathogens during subsequent infections. G The immune response ignores self-antigens and targets non-self antigens. H B cells differentiate into T cells to create a long-lived immune response.
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Part 1: Matching: Parts of a Virus Match the term in Column B to the appropriate description provided in Column A. Enter the correct letter from Column B in the answer blanks. Column A 1. Glycoprotein spikes 2. Phospholipid bilayer from host 3. Building blocks of capsid 4. Contains genetic material 5. A virus without an envelope 6. A virus that has a phospholipid bilayer from the host 7. The space between the envelope and the capsid 8. Enzymes used in replication of the virus 9. Genomic material 10. A formed virus particle contained within the host cell Column B A. Capsid/nucleocapsid B. Enveloped virus C. Replicases D. Viral attachment receptor E. Viral envelope F. Tegument G. RNA and/or DNA H. Virion I. Capsomeres J. Naked virus Part 2: Immunity Types There are four types of immunity that occur in humans. Understanding of the ways in which an individual can become immune to an infection will help you greatly on your journey in the realm of medical microbiology. The four types of immunity are as follows: Natural: Immunity to an infection that occurs through a normal biological process Artificial: Immunity to an infection that occurs through a medical procedure Active: Immunity to an infection that is induced by an immune response to the infection Passive: Immunity to an infection that is induced by the transfer of active immune components from one individual to another You will need to combine the terms to get the types of immunity: Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial Active, and Artificial Passive Using the above definitions, determine what type of immunity is being discussed in column B. Place your answer on the line in column A. Remember to combine the terms! Column A 1. Antibodies given to an infant through breast milk 2. Receiving the vaccine for chicken pox 3. Being diagnosed with Strep throat 4. Receiving antivenom after being bitten by a rattlesnake 5. Getting a mild case of influenza after receiving the FluMist vaccine 6. Mother transferring her antibodies to the developing fetus in utero 7. Breathing in mouse fecal matter contaminated with Hanta virus 8. Developing a Clostridium difficile infection after a colonoscopy 9. Receiving IgG bolus after being bitten by a bat 10. Recovering faster from Strep throat the second time you acquire it Title_with_topic: Understanding Parts of a Virus and Types of Immunity
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