Biology

Mary Ann Clark, Jung Choi, Matthew Douglas

Chapter 34

Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false?
a. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach.
b. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine.
c. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats.
d. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter.

Kelly Lentsch

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false?
a. Absorptive cells that line the small intestine have microvilli, small projections that increase surface area and aid in the absorption of food.
b. The inside of the small intestine has many folds, called villi.
c. Microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels.
d. The inside of the small intestine is called the lumen.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following statements about digestive processes is true?
a. Amylase, maltase, and lactase in the mouth digest carbohydrates.
b. Trypsin and lipase in the stomach digest protein.
c. Bile emulsifies lipids in the small intestine.
d. No food is absorbed until the small intestine.

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which of the following is a pseudo-ruminant?
a. cow
b. pig
c. crow
d. horse

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Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Which of the following statements is untrue?
a. Roughage takes a long time to digest.
b. Birds eat large quantities at one time so that they can fly long distances.
c. Cows do not have upper teeth.
d. In pseudo-ruminants, roughage is digested
in the cecum.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by __________.
a. potassium hydroxide
b. sodium hydroxide
c. bicarbonates
d. vinegar

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Problem 7

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the __________.
a. stomach
b. Iiver
$\mathrm{c}_{2}$ duodenum $2=$
d. colon

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Problem 8

A scientist dissects a new species of animal. If the animal's digestive system has a single stomach with an extended small intestine, to which animal could the dissected specimen be closely related?
a. lion
b. snowshoe hare
c. earthworm
d. eagle

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
b. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function.
c. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet.
d. Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin $E$
c. vitamin $K$
d. vitamin $c$

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Numerade Educator

Problem 11

What is the primary fuel for the body?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. protein
d. glycogen

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Excess glucose is stored as __________.
a. fat
b. glucagon
c. glycogen
d. it is not stored in the body

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Many distance runners "carb load" the day before
a big race. How does this eating strategy provide an advantage to the runner?
a. The carbohydrates cause the release of insulin.
b. The excess carbohydrates are converted to fats, which have a higher calorie density.
c. The glucose from the carbohydrates lets the muscles make excess ATP overnight.
d. The excess carbohydrates can be stored in the muscles as glycogen.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Where does the majority of protein digestion take place?
a. stomach
b. duodenum
c. mouth
d. jejunum

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Lipases are enzymes that breakdown __________.
a. disaccharides
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. cellulose

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause constipation?
a. bacterial infection
b. dehydration
c. ulcer
d. excessive cellulose consumption

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Which hormone controls the release of bile from the gallbladder.
a. pepsin
b. amylase
c. CCK
d. gastrin

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Which hormone stops acid secretion in the stomach?
a. gastrin
b. somatostatin
c. gastric inhibitory peptide
d. $\mathrm{CCK}$

Kelly Lentsch

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

In the famous conditioning experiment, Pavlov demonstrated that his dogs started drooling in response to a bell sounding. What part of the digestive process did he stimulate?
a. cephalic phase
b. gastric phase
c. intestinal phase
d. elimination phase

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 20

How does the polygastric digestive system aid in digesting roughage?

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 21

How do birds digest their food in the absence of teeth?

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

What is the role of the accessory organs in digestion?

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 23

Explain how the villi and microvilli aid in absorption.

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 24

Name two components of the digestive system that perform mechanical digestion. Describe how mechanical digestion contributes to acquiring nutrients from food.

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 25

What are essential nutrients?

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 26

What is the role of minerals in maintaining good health?

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 27

Discuss why obesity is a growing epidemic.

Andrei Demkov

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

There are several nations where malnourishment is a common occurrence. What may be some of the health challenges posed by malnutrition?

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 29

Generally describe how a piece of bread can power your legs as you walk up a flight of stairs.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 30

In the 1990 s fat-free foods became popular among people trying to lose weight. However, many dieticians now conclude that the fat-free trend made people less healthy and heavier. Describe how this could occur.

Kelly Lentsch

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Problem 31

Explain why some dietary lipid is a necessary part of a balanced diet.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 32

The gut microbiome (the bacterial colonies in the intestines) have become a popular area of study in biomedical research. How could varying gut microbiomes impact a person's nutrition?

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 33

Many mammals become ill if they drink milk as adults even though they could consume it as babies. What causes this digestive issue?

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 34

Describe how hormones regulate digestion.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 35

Describe one or more scenarios where loss of hormonal regulation of digestion can lead to diseases.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 36

A scientist is studying a model that has a mutation in the receptor for somatostatin that prevents hormone binding. How would this mutation affect the structure and function of the digestive system?

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator