Biology: The Dynamic Science

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter 17

Bacterial and Viral Genetics - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

When studying the differences in the genes of bacteria, researchers:
a. do not grow bacteria on a minimal medium as the medium lacks needed nutrients.
b. use a bacterial clone, which is a group of cells from different bacteria of varying genetic makeup.
c. use bacteria diploid for their full genome because they can grow on minimal medium.
d. can study only one genetic trait in a single recombinant event.
can measure the passage of genes between cells during conjugation, transduction, and transformation.

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

If recombination occurred between two bacterial genomes as shown in the figure, the result would be:
$\mathrm{a} . \quad \mathrm{MHv}$ and $\mathrm{mhV} .$
b. $M H V$ and $m h v$.
c. $M h v$ and $m H v$.
d. $M H V$ and $m h V$.
e. $\mathrm{mhv}$ and $\mathrm{MhV}$.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

In conjugation, when a bacterial $\mathrm{F}$ factor is transferred:
a. the donor cell becomes $F^{-}$.
b. the recipient cell becomes $\mathrm{F}^{+}$
c. the recipient cell becomes $\mathrm{F}^{-}$.
d. the donor cell turns into a recipient cell.
e. chromosomal DNA is transferred in the mating.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which of the following is not correct for bacterial conjugation?
a. Both Hfr and $F^{+}$ bacteria have the ability to code for a sex pilus.
b. After an $F^{-}$ cell has conjugated with an $F^{+},$ its plasmid holds the $\mathrm{F}^{+}$ factor.
c. The recipient cell is Hfr following conjugation.
d. In an Hfr $\times \mathrm{F}^{-}$ conjugation, DNA of the main chromosome moves to a recipient cell.
Genes on the $F$ factor encode proteins of the sex pilus.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Which of the following is not correct for bacterial transformation?
a. Artificial transformation is used in cloning procedures.
b. Avery was able to transform live noninfective bacteria with DNA from dead infective bacteria.
c. The cell wall and plasma membrane must be penetrated for transformation to proceed.
d. A virus is required for the process.
e. Electroporation is a form of artificial transformation used to introduce DNA into cells.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Transduction:
a. may allow recombination of newly introduced DNA with host cell DNA.
b. is the movement of DNA from one bacterial cell to another by means of a plasmid.
c. can cause the DNA of the donor to change but not the DNA of the recipient.
d. is the movement of viral DNA, but not bacterial DNA, into a a recipient bacterium.
e. requires a physical contact between two bacteria.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Viruses:
a. have a protein core.
b. have a nucleic acid coat.
c. that infect and kill bacteria during a cell cycle are called virulent bacteriophages.
d. were probably the first forms of life on Earth.
e. if they are temperate bacteriophages, kill host cells immediately.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

When a virus enters the lysogenic stage:
a. the viral DNA is replicated outside the host cell.
b. it enters the host cell and kills it immediately.
c. it enters the host cell, picks up host DNA, and leaves the cell unharmed.
d. it sits on the host cell plasma membrane with which it covers itself and then leaves the cell.
e. the viral DNA integrates into the host genome.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

An infectious material is isolated from a nerve cell. It contains protein with amino acid sequences identical to the host protein but no nucleic acids. It belongs to the group:
a. prions.
b. Archaea.
c. toxin producers.
d. viroids.
e. sporeformers.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which is not correct about retroviruses?
They are RNA viruses.
b. They are believed to be the source of retrotransposons.
c. They encode an enzyme for their insertion into host cell DNA.
d. They encode single-stranded viral DNA from viral RNA.
e. They encode a reverse transcriptase enzyme for RNA to DNA synthesis.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator