00:01
So we're looking at transformation, which of these is not true.
00:04
A, artificial transformation is used in cloning procedures.
00:09
B, avery was able to transform live, non -infective bacteria, with dna from dead infected bacteria.
00:16
C, the cell wall and plasma membrane must be penetrated for transformation to proceed.
00:22
D, a virus is required for the process.
00:25
For e, electrooperation is a form of artificial transformation used to introduce dna to the cell.
00:30
Okay, so what is transformation? well, transformation is when the dna is taken up from cells that have disintegrated in the environment.
00:42
So, first of all, avery is one of the researchers involved in studying this.
00:48
And in the 40s, he found that non -infective bacteria can take up dna from infected bacteria but have been killed.
00:56
So that's a true statement.
00:57
And because this dna is being taken up from the environment, the dna must penetrate the plasma membrane and the cell.
01:04
So d is true.
01:06
And bacteria that can take up the dna by transformation naturally, they can undergo natural transformation, these will have a dna binding protein on the outer surface to allow passage through the cell wall and plasma membrane...