Chapter Questions
Name the subatomic particles of the atom. Describe their charge, atomic mass, and location in the atom. (pages $20-21$ ).
Why can a radioisotope be used as a tracer in the human body? Give an example. (pages $21-22$ )
Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. (pages $22-24$ )
Relate the properties of water to its polarity and hydrogen bonding between water molecules. (pages $25-27$ )
On the $\mathrm{pH}$ scale, which numbers indicate a basic solution? An acidic solution? A neutral solution? What makes a solution basic, acidic, or neutral? (pages $27-29$ )
What are buffers, and why are they important to life? (pages $28-29)$
Nitrogen would be found in which categories of molecules unique to organisms? (page 28 )
Name some monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and state some general functions of each. What is the most common subunit for polysaccharides? (pages $34-38$ )
What are the subunits of a triglyceride? What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? What are the functions of fats in the body? (pages $31-33$ )
How does the structure of a phospholipid differ from a triglyceride? Describe the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane. (page 33 )
What is the subunit of a protein, and how do two subunits join to form a peptide bond? (pages $34-35$ )
Discuss the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins. Why are these structures so important? (pages $35-36$ )
Describe the double-helix structure of DNA and the single stranded structure of RNA. (pages $37-39$ )
What type of reaction releases the energy of an ATP molecule? Explain. (page 39 )
The atomic number gives thea. number of neutrons in the nucleus.b. number of protons in the nucleus.c. weight of the atom.d. number of protons in the outer shell.
Isotopes differ in theira. number of protons.b. atomic number.c. number of neutrons.d. number of electrons.
Which type of bond results from the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?a. covalentb. ionicc. hydrogend. neutral
Which of the following properties of water is not due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?a. Water prevents large temperature changes.b. Ice floats on water.c. Water is a solvent for polar molecules and ionic compounds.d. Water flows and fills spaces because it is cohesive.
If a chemical accepted $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ from the surrounding solution, the chemical would be a(n)a. base.b. acid.c. buffer.d. Both a and c are correct.
What is true of a solution that goes from pH 5 to $\mathrm{pH} 8 ?$a. The $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ concentration decreases as the solution becomesmore basic.b. The $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ concentration increases as the solution becomes more acidic.c. The $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ concentration decreases as the solution becomes more acidic.
An example of a polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans isa. cellulose.b. glycogen.c. cholesterol.d. starch.
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ in thea. number of carbon-to-carbon double bonds.b. consistency at room temperature.c. number of hydrogen atoms present.d. All of these are correct.
The difference between one amino acid and another is found in the ____________ group.a. aminob. carboxylc. $R$d. All of these are correct.
An example of a hydrolysis reaction isa. amino acid $+$ amino acid $\rightarrow$ dipeptide $+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.b. dipeptide $+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow$ amino acid $+$ amino acid.c. denaturation of a polypeptide.d. Both b and c are correct.
The helix and pleated sheet form of a protein is its__________ structure.a. secondaryb. tertiaryc. primaryd. quaternary
An RNA nucleotide differs from a DNA molecule in that RNA hasa. ribose sugar.b. phosphate molecule.c. uracil base.d. Both a and c are correct.
Match each subunit with the molecule in the key. a. fatb. polysaccharidec. polypeptided. DNA, RNAGlucose
Match each subunit with the molecule in the key. a. fatb. polysaccharidec. polypeptided. DNA, RNANucleotide
Match each subunit with the molecule in the key. a. fatb. polysaccharidec. polypeptided. DNA, RNAGlycerol and fatty acids
Match each subunit with the molecule in the key. a. fatb. polysaccharidec. polypeptided. DNA, RNAAmino acid
Match the molecular category with a molecule in the preceding key.Lipids
Match the molecular category with a molecule in the preceding key.Proteins
Match the molecular category with a molecule in the preceding key.Nucleic acids
Match the molecular category with a molecule in the preceding key.Carbohydrates
Match the molecular category with a molecule in the preceding key.Label this diagram using these terms: dehydration reaction, hydrolysis reaction, subunits, macromolecule.