Chapter Questions
What is the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system of classification and what ranking does it utilize?
What are the major groups of "basal" angiosperms?
Why have the traditional "dicots" been abandoned as a taxonomic group?
What is a floral formula? What are the symbols used in floral formulas?
What is a floral diagram and what does it represent?
Name the family and species of what is currently thought to represent the most basal lineage of angiosperms.
Name the diagnostic characteristics of the Amborellaceae. Do these necessarily represent ancestral angiosperm features?
How does the Nymphaeales compare with the Amborellaceae in: plant habit, flower sex, perianth arrangement, stamen number and type, gynoecial fusion type, and ovary position?
What anatomical feature is characteristic of the family Illiciaceae? How is this family different from and similar to the Amborellaceae and Nymphaeales?
For the Ceratophyllaceae name the plant habitat, plant habit, leaf arrangement and morphology, and economic importance.
What distinctive anther dehiscence occurs in the Lauraceae?
Name two economically important members of the Lauraceae.
Name at least two families of the Magnoliales.
For the Annonaceae, what is distinctive about the leaf arrangement and endosperm structure?
What is distinctive about the receptacle and gynoecial fusion of the Magnoliaceae?
What is the fruit type of the Magnoliaceae?
Name at least three families of the Piperales.
What is the etymology of "Aristolochia"?
What are the diagnostic features of the Aristolochiaceae?
How does the Piperaceae differ from the Aristolochiaceae?
What is an economically important member of the Piperaceae?
How does the Saururaceae differ from the Piperaceae?
Name and describe the major apomorphies of the monocots.
Name the order, family, and genus of the most basal lineage of monocots.
How does Acorus differ from the Araceae in: leaf structure; seed nutritive tissue; crystal type?
What is the leaf venation of members of the Araceae?
What is the inflorescence type of the Araceae?
Name an economically important member of the Araceae.
What are two putative apomorphies of the Asparagales? Of the Asparagales minus the Orchidaceae?
What is a cytological apomorphy of the Agavaceae?
What is the ovary position of the Agavaceae?
What is a chemical apomorphy of the Alliaceae?
Name two economically important members of the Alliaceae.
How are members of the Asphodelaceae distinguished? What is their distribution?
Name and define the leaf structure of the Iridaceae.
What is the range of inflorescence morphology of the Iridaceae?
What is the floral formula of the Iridaceae?
How many species occur in the orchid family?
For the Orchidaceae, name the ovary position, placentation, and name for specialized androecium.
What is a gynostemium? What are other names for this structure?
What orchid is used as a food flavoring and what part of the plant is utilized?
Name and describe the major chemical apomorphy of the Commelinid monocots.
Name an apomorphy of the palms.
What are the two acceptable scientific names of the palm family?
For the Arecaceae, what is the: flower sex, ovary position, fruit type?
What is the seed nutrition of the Commelinid monocots, minus the Arecales and Dasypogonaceae?
Name three apomorphies of the Zingiberales.
What is the leaf arrangement and plant sex of the Musaceae?
What is the scientific name of banana?
What leaf arrangement apomorphy unites all of the Zingiberales, minus the Musaceae?
Name two apomorphies that unite the clade Cannaceae + Costaceae + Marantaceae + Zingiberaceae.
What, in reality, are the showy petaloid structures of this group?
Name two economically important members of the Zingiberaceae.
What is the specialized anther type of the Cannaceae and Marantaceae?
Name three families of the Commelinales.
Name one or more apomorphies for these families.
Name two apomorphies of the Bromeliaceae.
What is the ovary position of the Bromeliaceae?
What special ecological adaptations do various bromeliads have?
Name an economically important bromeliad.
What pollen and leaf apomorphies may unite the Cyperaceae, Thurniaceae (including Prionaceae) and Juncaceae?
How do the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae families differ in inflorescence, perianth, and fruit type?
How do the Eriocaulaceae and Xyridaceae differ in flower sex? Pollen aperture type?
What are the two scientific names for the grass family?
How does the leaf arrangement and attachment of grasses differ from that of sedges?
What is the structural difference between a "sedge spikelet" and a "grass spikelet"?
What is a: grass spikelet? floret? glume? lemma? palea? lodicule?
What is the fruit type of the grasses?
Name the generic and common names of five economically important grain crops.
Name the characteristics and distribution of the Restionaceae.
What is the flower sex of the Sparganiaceae and Typhaceae?
How do these two families differ?