Biology: The Dynamic Science

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter 18

DNA Technologies: Analyzing and Modifying Genes - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

A complementary DNA library (cDNA) and a genomic library are similar in that both:
a. use bacteria to make eukaryotic proteins.
b. provide information on whether genes are active.
c. contain all of the DNA of an organism cut into pieces.
d. clone mRNA.
e. depend on cloning in a living cell to produce multiple copies of the DNA of interest.

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Why do the cDNA libraries produced from two different cell types in the human body often contain different cDNAs?
Because different expression vectors must be used to insert cDNAs into different cell types.
b. Because different cell types contain different numbers of chromosomes.
c. Because different cell types contain different genomic DNA sequences.
d. Because different genes are transcribed in different cell types.
Because different cell types contain different restriction enzymes.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

The point at which a restriction enzyme cuts DNA is determined by
a. the sequence of nucleotides.
b. the length of the DNA molecule.
c. whether it is closer to the $5^{\prime}$ end or $3^{\prime}$ end of the DNA molecule.
d. the number of copies of the DNA molecule in a bacterial cell.
e. the location of a start codon in a gene.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Restriction endonucleases, ligases, plasmids, $E$. coli, electrophoretic gels, and a bacterial gene resistant to an antibiotic are all required for:
a. dideoxyribonucleotide analysis.
b. $ \mathrm{PCR}$
c. DNA cloning.
d. DNA fingerprinting.
e. DNA sequencing.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis is often used to:
a. amplify the DNA.
b. convert cDNA into genomic DNA.
c. convert cDNA into messenger RNA.
d. verify that the desired DNA sequence has been amplified.
e. synthesize primer DNA molecules.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs):
a. are produced by reaction with restriction endonucleases and are detected by Southern blot analysis.
b. are of the same length for mutant and normal $\beta$ -globin alleles.
c. determine the sequence of bases in a DNA fragment.
d. have in their middle short fragments of DNA that are palindromic.
e. are used as vectors.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

DNA fingerprinting, which is often used in forensics, paternity testing, and for establishing ancestry:
a. compares one stretch of the same DNA between two or more people.
b. measures different lengths of DNA from many repeating noncoding regions.
c. requires the largest DNA lengths to run the greatest distance on a gel.
d. requires amplification after the gels are run.
e. can easily differentiate DNA between identical twins.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which of the following is needed both in using bacteria to produce proteins and in genetic engineering of human cells?
a. DNA fingerprinting based on microsatellite sequences
b. insertion of a transgene into an expression vector
c. restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
d. screening of a cDNA library by DNA hybridization
e. antibiotic resistance

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Dolly, a sheep, was an example of reproductive (germ-line) cloning. Required to perform this process was:
a. implantation of uterine cells from one strain into the mammary gland of another.
b. fusion of the mammary cell from one strain with an enucleated egg of another strain.
c. fusion of an egg from one strain with the egg of a different strain.
d. fusion of an embryonic diploid cell with an adult haploid cell.
e. fusion of two nucleated mammary cells from two different strains.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following is not true of somatic cell gene therapy?
a. White blood cells can be used.
b. Somatic cells are cultured, and the desired DNA is introduced into them.
c. cells with the introduced DNA are returned to the body.
d. The technique is still very experimental.
e. The inserted genes are passed to the offspring.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator