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Life: The Science of Biology

David Sadava, David M. Hills, H. Craig Heller

Chapter 42

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

02:48

Problem 1

Phagocytes kill harmful bacteria by
a. endocytosis.
b. producing antibodies.
c. complement proteins.
d. T cell stimulation.
e. inflammation.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:08

Problem 2

Which statement about an antigenic determinant is not true?
a. It is a specific chemical grouping.
b. It may be part of many different molecules.
c. It is the part of an antigen to which an antibody binds.
d. It may be part of a cell.
e. A single protein has only one on its surface.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:52

Problem 3

T cell receptors
a. are the primary receptors for the humoral immune system.
b. are carbohydrates.
c. cannot function unless the animal has previously encountered the antigen.
d. are produced by plasma cells.
e. are important in combating viral infections.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:18

Problem 4

According to the clonal selection theory,
a. an antibody changes its shape to match the antigen it meets.
b. an individual animal contains only one type of B cell.
c. an individual animal contains many types of B cells, each producing one kind of antibody.
d. each B cell produces many types of antibodies.
e. many clones of antiself lymphocytes appear in the bloodstream.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:08

Problem 5

The extraordinary diversity of antibodies results in part from
a. the action of monoclonal antibodies.
b. the splicing of protein molecules.
c. the action of cytotoxic T cells.
d. the rearrangement of genes.
e. their remarkable nonspecificity.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
03:29

Problem 6

The major histocompatibility complex
a. codes for specific proteins found on the surfaces of cells.
b. plays no role in T cell immunity.
c. plays no role in antibody responses.
d. plays no role in skin graft rejection.
e. is encoded by a single locus with multiple alleles.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:52

Problem 7

Describe the part of an antibody molecule that interacts with an antigen. How is it similar to the active site of an enzyme? How does it differ from the active site of an enzyme?

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:24

Problem 8

Contrast immunoglobulins and T cell receptors with respect to their structures and functions.

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
06:14

Problem 9

The gene family (genes $A, B,$ and $D$ ) determining MHC on the cell surface in humans is on a single chromosome. A father's MHC genotype is $\mathrm{A} 1, \mathrm{A} 3, \mathrm{B} 5, \mathrm{B} 7, \mathrm{D} 9, \mathrm{D} 11$
A mother's genotype is $A 2, A 4, B 6, B 7, D 11, D 12 .$ Their child's is $\mathrm{A} 1, \mathrm{A} 4, \mathrm{B} 6, \mathrm{B} 7, \mathrm{D} 11, \mathrm{D} 12 .$ What are the parents
haplotypes-that is, which alleles are linked on each of the two chromosomes of each parent? Assuming there is no recombination among the genes determining the MHC type, can these same two parents have a child who has the genotype $A 1, A 2, B 7, B 8, D 9, D 11 ?$

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
04:05

Problem 10

Discuss the diversity of antibody specificities in an individual in relation to the diversity of enzymes. Does every cell in an animal contain genetic information for all the organism's enzymes? Does every cell contain genetic information for all the organism's immunoglobulins?

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
03:05

Problem 11

Development of an effective HIV vaccine requires that the person being vaccinated develop both cellular and humoral immunity against HIV. What experiments would you do to test whether both types of immunity developed in people given a potential new vaccine?

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator