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Biology

Eldra P. Solomon, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin,

Chapter 53

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

00:11

Problem 1

Population _________ is the number of individuals of a species per unit of habitat area or volume at a given time.
(a) dispersion (b) density (c) survivorship (d) age structure (e) demographics

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:14

Problem 2

The per capita growth rate of a population where dispersal is not a factor is expressed as $(a) i+e(b) b-d(c) d N / d t$ (d) $r N(K-N)(\mathrm{e})(K-N) \div K$

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:16

Problem 3

The maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions is known as its (a) total fertility rate (b) survivorship (c) intrinsic rate of increase (d) doubling time
(e) age structure

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:19

Problem 4

When $r$ is a positive number, the population size is (a) stable (b) increasing (c) decreasing (d) either increasing or decreasing, depending on interference competition (e) either increasing or stable, depending on whether the species is semelparous

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:29

Problem 5

In a graph of population size versus time, a J-shaped curve is characteristic of (a) exponential population growth (b) logistic population growth (c) zero population growth (d) replacementlevel fertility (e) population growth momentum

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:12

Problem 6

The largest population that can be maintained by a particular environment for an indefinite period is known as a (a) semelparous population (b) population undergoing exponential growth (c) metapopulation (d) population's carrying capacity (e) source population

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:18

Problem 7

Giant bamboos live many years without reproducing, then send up a huge flowering stalk and die shortly thereafter. Giant bamboo is therefore an example of (a) iteroparity (b) a source population (c) a metapopulation (d) an $r$ strategist (e) semelparity

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:17

Problem 8

Predation, disease, and competition are examples of ______ factors. (a) density-dependent (b) density-independent (c) survivorship (d) dispersal (e) semelparous

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:27

Problem 9

_________ competition occurs within a population, and ________, competition occurs among populations of different species. (a) Interspecific; intraspecific (b) Intraspecific; interspecific (c) Type I survivorship; Type II survivorship (d) Interference; exploitation (e) Exploitation; interference

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
02:52

Problem 10

A highly developed country has a (a) long doubling time (b) low infant mortality rate (c) high GNI PPP per capita
(d) a and b (e) a, b, and c

Caroline Jones
Caroline Jones
Numerade Educator
00:19

Problem 11

The continued growth of a population with a young age structure, even after its fertility rate has declined, is known as (a) population doubling (b) iteroparity (c) population growth momentum (d) $r$ selection
(e) density dependence

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:31

Problem 12

Which of the following patterns of cars parked along a street is an example of uniform dispersion?
(a) five cars parked next to one another in the middle, leaving two empty spaces at one end and three empty spaces at the other end (b) five cars parked in this pattern: car, empty space, car, empty space, and so on (c) five cars parked in no discernible pattern, sometimes having empty spaces on each side and sometimes parked next to another car

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:21

Problem 13

A female elephant bears a single offspring every two to four years. Based on this information, which survivorship curve do you think is representative of elephants? Explain your answer.

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
00:25

Problem 14

Explain why the population size of a species that competes by interference competition is often near the carrying capacity, whereas the population size of a species that competes by exploitation competition is often greater than or below the carrying capacity.

Morgan Thompson
Morgan Thompson
Numerade Educator
03:43

Problem 15

In developing his scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, Charles Darwin considered four main observations: heritable variation among individuals in a population, overproduction of offspring, limits on population growth, and differential reproductive success. Compare how these observations may apply to populations that tend to fit the concepts of $r$ selection and $K$ selection.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:59

Problem 16

In Bolivia, 35\% of the population is younger than age $15,$ and $5 \%$ is older than $65 .$ In Austria, $14 \%$ of the population is younger than $15,$ and $18 \%$ is older than $65 .$ Which country will have the highest growth rate over the next two decades? Explain your answer.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:52

Problem 17

The 2017 population of the Netherlands was 17.1 million, and its land area is 15,768 square miles. The 2017 population of the United States was 325.4 million, and its land area is 3,717,796 square miles. Which country has the greater population density?

Mary Smith
Mary Smith
Numerade Educator
03:11

Problem 18

The population of India in 2017 was 1,352.6 million, and its growth rate was $1.4 \%$ per year. Calculate the 2018 population of India.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
03:31

Problem 19

The world population in 2017 was 7. 5 billion, and its annual growth rate was $1.2 \%$. If the birth rate was 20 per 1000 people in the year 2017 , what was the death rate, expressed as number per 1000 people?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:13

Problem 20

Consider the age structure diagrams for counties (a) and (b). Which diagram is consistent with negative growth momentum? Why?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
02:24

Problem 21

In what ways has technology contributed to consumption overpopulation? Can you propose some applications of technology that might help alleviate its effects?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator