In Bolivia, 35% of the population is younger than age 15,...

In Bolivia, 35\% of the population is younger than age $15,$ and $5 \%$ is older than $65 .$ In Austria, $14 \%$ of the population is younger than $15,$ and $18 \%$ is older than $65 .$ Which country will have the highest growth rate over the next two decades? Explain your answer.

Key Concepts

Age Structure

Age structure refers to the distribution of a population among different age groups. A greater proportion of a population in younger age groups typically indicates a higher potential for population growth in the future since these individuals are entering or will soon enter their reproductive years.

Population Momentum

Population momentum is the tendency for a population to continue growing even after fertility rates have declined due to a large proportion of young individuals. This phenomenon occurs because the sheer number of potential parents can lead to sustained increases in population size in the coming decades.

Dependency Ratio

The dependency ratio is the ratio of non-working (typically very young and older) to working-age individuals in a population. A lower dependency ratio, with relatively more people in the working-age group, can support faster economic and population growth, while a higher dependency ratio may indicate slower growth due to higher support obligations.

Demographic Transition

The demographic transition model describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically. Countries at earlier stages of this transition, which are characterized by a higher proportion of young people and increasing fertility, typically experience higher population growth rates compared to those in later stages.

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